Past Climate Variability and Change in the Arctic and at High Latitudes

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The U.S. Climate Change Science Program Abbreviations and Acronyms 206 MCA Medieval Climate Anomaly MSA methanesulfonic acid MWP Medieval Warm Period MIS marine isotope stage MOC meridional overturning circulation N 2O nitrous oxide NAO North Atlantic Oscillation NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research NGRIP North Greenland Ice Core Project NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration NRC National Research Council OSL optically stimulated luminescence PDF climate sensitivity probability density function PETM Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum ppm parts per million ppmv parts per million by volume SAP Synthesis and Assessment Product SLE sea level equivalent SMOW standard mean ocean water SPECMAP Spectral Variability in Global Climate Project SRES Special Report on Emission Scenarios (IPCC) TIMS thermal ionization mass spectrometry TMF trough-mouth fan TPW true polar wander U-series uranium-series disequilibrium dating W/m 2 watts per square meter yr year
REFERENCES CITED Chapter 1. Preface: Why and How to Use This Sythesis and Assessment Report Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), 2005: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 1042 pp. Bradley, R.S., 1999: Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 610 pp. Brigham-Grette, J. and D.M. Hopkins, 1995: Emergent-marine record and paleoclimate of the Last Interglaciation along the northwest Alaskan coast. Quaternary Research, 43, 154-173. CAPE-Last Interglacial Project Members, 2006: Last Interglacial Arctic warmth confirms polar amplification of climate change. Quaternary Science Reviews. 25, 1383-1400. Cicerone, R.J., E.J. Barron, R.E. Dickinson, I.F. Fung, J.E. Hansen, T.R. Karl, R.S. Lindzen, J.C. McWilliams, F.S. Rowland, and J.M. Wallace, 2001: Climate Change Science—An Analysis of Some Key Questions. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 42 pp. Darby, D., M. Jakobsson, and L. Polyak, 2005: Icebreaker expedition collects key Arctic seafloor and ice data. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 86(52), 549-556. Denton, G.H., R.B. Alley, G.C. Comer, and W.S. Broecker, 2005: The role of seasonality in abrupt climate change. Quaternary Science Reviews, 24(10-11), 1159-1182. Dyke, A.S., J. Hooper, and J.M. Savelle, 1996: History of sea ice in the Canadian Arctic archipelago based on postglacial remains of the bowhead whale. Arctic, 49(3), 235-255. Hemming, S.R., 2004: Heinrich events: Massive late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint. Reviews of Geophysics 42(2), RG1005. Holland, M.M., C.M. Bitz, and B. Tremblay, 2006: Future abrupt reductions in the summer Arctic sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L23503. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2000: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios [Nebojsa Nakicenovic and Robert Swart, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 612 pp. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007: Summary for policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007—The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 18 pp. Past Climate Variably and Change in the Arctic and at High Latitudes References Chapter 1 Lemke, P., J. Ren, R.B. Alley, I. Allison, J. Carrasco, G. Flato, Y. Fujii, G. Kaser, P. Mote, R.H. Thomas, and T. Zhang, 2007: Observations—Changes in snow, ice and frozen ground. In: Climate Change 2007—The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 339-378. Meehl, G.A., T.F. Stocker, W.D. Collins, P. Friedlingstein, A.T. Gaye, J.M. Gregory, A. Kitoh, R. Knutti, J.M. Murphy, A. Noda, S.C.B. Raper, I.G. Watterson, A.J. Weaver and Z.-C. Zhao, 2007: Global climate projections. In: Climate Change 2007— The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp. 747-845. National Research Council (NRC), 2002: Abrupt Climate Change, Inevitable Surprises. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 230 pp. National Research Council (NRC) Committee on the Assessment of U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs, 2007: Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World—An Assessment of U.S. Needs. National Academies Press, Washington D.C., 122 pp. Raynaud, D., J. Chappellaz, C. Ritx, and P. Martinerie, 1997: Air content along the Greenland Ice Core Project core: A record of surface climatic parameters and elevation in central Greenland. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(C12), 26607-26613. Richter-Menge, J., J. Overland, A. Proshutinsky, V. Roman-ovsky, L. Bengtsson, L. Brigham, M. Dyurgerov, J.C. Gascard, S. Gerland, R. Graversen, C. Haas, M. Karcher, P. Kuhry, J. Maslanik, H. Melling, W. Maslowski, J. Morison, D. Perovich, R. Przybylak, V. Rachold, I. Rigor, A. Shiklomanov, J. Stroeve, D. Walker, and J. Walsh, 2006: State of the Arctic report. NOAA OAR Special Report, NOAA/OAR/PMEL, Seattle, WA, 36 pp. Seager, R., D.S. Battisti, J. Yin, N. Gordon, N. Naik, A.C. Clement, and M.A. Cane, 2002: Is the Gulf Stream responsible for Europe’s mild winters? Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 128B, 2563-2586. Serreze, M.C. and J.A. Francis, 2006: The Arctic amplification debate: Climatic Change, 76(3-4), 241-264. Shipboard Scientific Party, 2005: Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX): paleoceanographic and tectonic evolution of the central Arctic Ocean. IODP Preliminary Report, 302, http://publications.iodp.org/preliminary_report/302/. U.S. Climate Change Science Program, 2007: Our Changing Planet, The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2007. U.S. CCSP, Washington, D.C., 264 pp. 207
Page 1 and 2:
Past Climate Variability and Change
Page 3 and 4:
Past Climate Variability and Change
Page 5 and 6:
AUTHOR TEAMS FOR THIS REPORT Execut
Page 7 and 8:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals ma
Page 9:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
Page 12 and 13:
2 The U.S. Climate Change Science P
Page 14 and 15:
4 The U.S. Climate Change Science P
Page 16 and 17:
6 The U.S. Climate Science Program
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
100 The U.S. Climate Science Progra
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
The U.S. Climate Science Program Ch
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167: 156 The U.S. Climate Science Progra
Page 169 and 170: CHAPTER 6 ABSTRACT Past Climate Var
Page 171 and 172: second, and the Transpolar Drift, t
Page 173 and 174: EXTENT, IN MILLION SQUARE KILOMETER
Page 175 and 176: Until recently, and for logistical
Page 177 and 178: 1990; Fyles et al., 1994), the nort
Page 179 and 180: FREQUENCY 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 1
Page 181 and 182: Seas around icelAnd provide a rare
Page 183 and 184: at least 14 Ma (Darby, 2008). Sever
Page 185 and 186: T. quinqueloba, IN SPECIMENS PER GR
Page 187 and 188: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Past Climate Variabil
Page 189 and 190: SEA-ICE COVERAGE, IN NUMBER OF MONT
Page 191 and 192: QUARTZ WEIGHT, IN PERCENT 6 5 4 3 2
Page 193: 6.5 SUMMARY Geological data indicat
Page 201 and 202: GLOSSARY GLOSSARY 8 ka cold event A
Page 203 and 204: CAPE Project Circum-Arctic PaleoEnv
Page 205 and 206: Eccentricity Out of roundness (elli
Page 207 and 208: Innuitian sector The ice sheet that
Page 209 and 210: Moraine Landforms (typically ridges
Page 211 and 212: Positive feedback In climate studie
Page 213: Trough-mouth fans Undersea deposits
Page 218 and 219: The U.S. Climate Change Science Pro
Page 266 and 267:
The U.S. Climate Change Science Pro
Page 268:
Global Change Research Information
show all

Past Climate Variability and Change in the Arctic and at High Latitudes

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?