Past Climate Variability and Change in the Arctic and at High Latitudes

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The U.S. Climate Change Science Program 238 Svensson, A., S.W. Nielsen, S. Kipfstuhl, S.J. Johnsen, J.P. Steffensen, M. Bigler, U. Ruth, and R. Röthlisberger, 2005: Visual stratigraphy of the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NorthGRIP) ice core during the last glacial period. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D02108, doi:02110.01029/02004JD005134. Tarduno, J.A., D.B. Brinkman, P.R. Renne, R.D. Cottrell, H. Scher, and P. Castillo, 1998: Evidence for extreme climatic warmth from Late Cretaceous Arctic vertebrates. Science, 282, 2241-2244. Tilling, R.I., L. Topinka, and D.A. Swanson, 1990: Eruptions of Mount St. Helens: Past, Present, and Future. U.S. Geological Survey Special Interest Publication, 56 pp. Trenberth, K.E., J.M. Caron, D.P. Stepaniak, and S. Worley, 2002: Evolution of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and global atmospheric surface temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres, 107(D7-8), 4065. Trenberth, K.E., P.D. Jones, P. Ambenje, R. Bojariu, D. 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Past Climate Variability and Change
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Past Climate Variability and Change
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AUTHOR TEAMS FOR THIS REPORT Execut
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals ma
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary
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2 The U.S. Climate Change Science P
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4 The U.S. Climate Change Science P
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6 The U.S. Climate Science Program
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The U.S. Climate Science Program Ch
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CHAPTER 6 ABSTRACT Past Climate Var
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second, and the Transpolar Drift, t
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EXTENT, IN MILLION SQUARE KILOMETER
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Until recently, and for logistical
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1990; Fyles et al., 1994), the nort
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FREQUENCY 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 1
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Seas around icelAnd provide a rare
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at least 14 Ma (Darby, 2008). Sever
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T. quinqueloba, IN SPECIMENS PER GR
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Past Climate Variabil
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SEA-ICE COVERAGE, IN NUMBER OF MONT
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QUARTZ WEIGHT, IN PERCENT 6 5 4 3 2
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6.5 SUMMARY Geological data indicat
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Page 198 and 199: 188 The U.S. Climate Science Progra
Page 201 and 202: GLOSSARY GLOSSARY 8 ka cold event A
Page 203 and 204: CAPE Project Circum-Arctic PaleoEnv
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Page 213: Trough-mouth fans Undersea deposits
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Page 268: Global Change Research Information
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