Economist Style Guide - Redress Information & Analysis

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g Geological eras Astronomers and geologists give this broad outline of the ages of the universe and the earth. Era, period and epoch Years ago (m) Characteristics Origin of the universe 20,000– (estimates vary markedly) 10,000 Origin of the sun 5,000 Origin of the earth Pre-Cambrian 4,600 Archean 4,000 First signs of fossilised microbes Proterozoic Palaeozoic 2,500 Cambrian 570 First appearance of abundant fossils Ordovician (obsolete) 500 Vertebrates emerge Silurian 440 Fishes emerge Devonian 400 Primitive plants emerge Carboniferous 350 Amphibians emerge Permian Mesozoic 270 Reptiles emerge Triassic 250 Seed plants emerge Jurassic 210 Age of dinosaurs Cretaceous 145 Flowering plants emerge; dinosaurs Cenozoic extinct at end of this period Palaeocene 65 Tertiary: Eocene 55 Mammals emerge Oligocene 40 Miocene 25 Pliocene 5 Quaternary: Pleistocene 2 Ice ages; stone age man emerges Holocene or Recent c. 10,000a Modern man emerges a 10,000 years, not 10,000m years. 189
i Internet Here is a list of abbreviations used in connection with the internet. adsl asynchronous digital subscriber line aol America Online ascii American standard code for information interchange asp application service provider bcc blind carbon copy bps bits per second cad computer aided design cc carbon copy cdma code-division multiple access css cascading style sheet cgi common gateway interface com component object model corba common object request broker architecture dcom distributed component object model des data encryption standard dhcp dynamic host confi guration protocol dhtml dynamic hypertext mark-up language dom document object model dns domain name system dsl digital subscriber line (or loop) edi electronic data interchange eff electronic frontier foundation faq frequently asked questions fdm frequency-division multiplexing fsf free software foundation ftp fi le transfer protocol gif graphics interchange format gprs general packet radio service gsm global system for mobile communications gui graphical user interface html hypertext mark-up language http hypertext transfer protocol 190
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STYLE GUIDE
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STYLE GUIDE
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Contents Preface vi Introduction 1
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Introduction On only two scores can
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introduction negative, then it cann
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part 1 the essence of style
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ampersands should be used: 1 when t
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And Trips (trade-related aspects of
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If you use one accent (except the t
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company not corporation court not c
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Americanisms rhetoric (of which the
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among and between > anon the Christ
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as to There is usually a more appro
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lack In the black means in profi t
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Guatemala City New York City Ho Chi
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historical terms Black Death Recons
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from its National Assembly). If you
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And if in doubt use lower case (the
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Francophone (but prefer French-spea
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clerical titles see titles. clerica
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word for the job or if you would ha
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axa, French insurance company Barne
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countries and their inhabitants and
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of the Turkish race mostly living i
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current, contemporary > cyber-expre
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different from not to or than. dile
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effectively, in effect Effectively
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euphemisms Avoid, where possible, e
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thousand curses, a hundred years of
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It was hoped that after improvement
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Forza Italia Médecins Sans Fronti
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French names see names. fresh is no
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global > grammar and syntax And wha
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or for its constituents: The counci
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passive or active? Be direct. Use t
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stockbrokers Furman Selz Mager, ban
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past continuance: He grew up in pos
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Russia With Love”, “The Man Who
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eopen reorder repurchase subcommitt
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9 Avoiding ambiguities a little-use
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prefi x is of one or two syllables,
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22 Two words ad hoc (always) air ba
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i iconoclasm Many good writers brea
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elite en masse, en route grand prix
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j Japanese names see names. jargon
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meaningful perceptions prestigious
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k key A key may be major or minor,
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the individual; in the United State
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m masterful, masterly Masterful mea
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foundering chains, both fl oods and
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n names For guidance on spelling pe
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Arabic names and words Al, al- Try
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Fahd Qawasmeh Ahmed Qurei Qurnah Ma
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appropriate title: Mr Budiono. For
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Georgy Yury Gennady Zhirinovsky Niz
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the language of a useful or well-li
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p Pakistani names see names. palate
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the Caucasus the Netherlands the Ga
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political correctness But do not la
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adopt because they cannot bring the
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2 After plurals that do not end in
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The doctor suggested an aspirin, ha
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q question-marks see punctuation. q
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for Business (2005): “Sector Skil
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short words Use them. They are ofte
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and the need for a strong defence,
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forswear, forsworn fuelled -ful, no
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-able debatable indescribable salab
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quangos sopranos virtuosos radios s
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t table Avoid table as a transitive
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3 Knights, dames, princes, kings, e
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total is all right as a noun, but a
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Page 150 and 151: part 2 American and British English
Page 152 and 153: punctuation commas in lists The use
Page 154 and 155: spelling the unfamiliar form may st
Page 156 and 157: -re/-er Most British English words
Page 158 and 159: of past tense and past participle,
Page 160 and 161: Accounting, banking and finance voc
Page 162 and 163: British American crayfish crawfish
Page 164 and 165: British American high street main s
Page 166 and 167: part 3 useful reference
Page 168 and 169: abbreviations chaps Clearing House
Page 170 and 171: abbreviations nav net asset value n
Page 172 and 173: Beaufort Scale For devotees of the
Page 174 and 175: for stock to be turned over once =
Page 176 and 177: a Figures in brackets denote the nu
Page 178 and 179: Italy (Italian Republic) Regions Ab
Page 180 and 181: Krais Altai Krasnoyarsk Khabarovsk
Page 182 and 183: Peterborough Plymouth Poole Portsmo
Page 184 and 185: Newtownabbey North Down Omagh Strab
Page 186 and 187: currencies Country Currency Symbol
Page 188 and 189: currencies Country Currency Symbol
Page 190 and 191: e Earthquakes An earthquake is meas
Page 192 and 193: Name Symbol Radium Ra Radon Rn Rhen
Page 194 and 195: at the end of the publication in a
Page 198 and 199: internet iab internet architecture
Page 200 and 201: l Latin Here are some common Latin
Page 202 and 203: in loco in the place of; eg, in loc
Page 204 and 205: Gresham’s law When money of a hig
Page 206 and 207: m Measures UK imperial units A chan
Page 208 and 209: Area 1,000km = 1 megametre nautical
Page 210 and 211: Spanish: short (corta) = 2,000 libr
Page 212 and 213: Crude oil 1 barrel = 42 US gallons
Page 214 and 215: Multiply number of Length by to obt
Page 216 and 217: Multiply number of Weight (mass) by
Page 218 and 219: 1990 Chemistry Elias James Corey Ec
Page 220 and 221: Physics Zhores I. Alferov, Jack S.
Page 222 and 223: Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia
Page 224 and 225: Observer status Aruba Netherlands A
Page 226 and 227: EFTA European Free Trade Associatio
Page 228 and 229: G7, G8, G10, G22, G26 In 1975, six
Page 230 and 231: organisations OPEC Organization of
Page 232 and 233: organisations Specialised agencies
Page 234 and 235: populations of the world Country Po
Page 236 and 237: presidents of the US and prime mini
Page 238 and 239: proofreading illustrations, the pro
Page 240 and 241: INSTRUCTION TEXTUAL MARK MARGINAL M
Page 242 and 243: INSTRUCTION TEXTUAL MARK MARGINAL M
Page 244 and 245: s Stockmarket indices The following
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Russia rts Slovakia Sax Spain ibex
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Eastern +9 Central +8 Western +7 Ir
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apostrophes 114-15 with small capit
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England, administrative divisions 1
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lower case for measurements 8 for t
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sources for references 186-8 spacec
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