frequently_asked_questions_files/Oxford Thesaurus.pdf

photographs. 4 crude, rough, clumsy, awkward, unskilful,
unskilled, artless, inartistic, imperfect, unpolished,
inaccurate, gauche, bumbling, raw, inelegant, makeshift,
homespun, primitive, misshapen, ill-formed, unfinished,
rough-hewn, simple, basic, bare: The replica on view in the
local museum is only a rude approximation of the original.
rudimentary
adj. 1 basic, essential, elementary, fundamental, rudimental,
primary, introductory, abecedarian, formative, first, initial,
elemental, primal, seminal: The purpose of the course is
provide students with a rudimentary knowledge of computer
programming. 2 crude, coarse, unshaped, unfinished, imperfect,
primitive, undeveloped, vestigial, embryonic, primordial,
immature: These fish, which spend their lives in darkness, have
only a rudimentary organ for an eye.
rudiments n.pl. basics, elements, essentials, fundamentals, first
principles: She learnt the rudiments of musical composition
from the maestro himself.
ruffle n. 1 trimming, flounce, frill, ruff, peplum, flare, smocking,
ruche, ruching, gather, gathering: Doesn't that ruffle at the
back of the skirt make it look a bit old-fashioned? 2 ripple,
wavelet, disturbance, flurry, bustle, stir, perturbation,
wrinkle: The news of the divorce caused a slight ruffle at
court.
--v. 3 agitate, disconcert, confuse, discompose, discomfit,
upset, disturb, stir up, perturb, unsettle, disorient, unnerve,
fluster, affect, bother, intimidate, unstring, put out, vex,
trouble, worry, Colloq rattle, throw, shake up, Chiefly US and
Canadian discombobulate, voodoo, hex, psych out, Slang chiefly
US and Canadian get (someone) all shook up, spook: She was
ruffled by questions concerning her relationship with the
deceased. 4 disarrange, dishevel, disorder, rumple, mix up,
tousle, tangle, disorder, Colloq mess or muss (up): His
unpleasant attitude ruffled quite a few feathers in the
department.
rugged adj. 1 rough, uneven, broken, stony, rocky, irregular, bumpy,
pitted, jagged, ragged: The horses picked their way slowly
across the rugged terrain. 2 tough, rough, severe, hard, harsh,