Habitat use and population dynamics of the Azure-Winged Magpie ...

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Figure 2.3 On top of a hill facing south-east direction, looking down into Khonin Nuga valley, the Eroo River and Khonin Nuga Field Station. The Sharlan and Khong Rivers join at the upper left of the picture to form the Eroo Figure 2.4 On a hill facing north-west direction, looking down on Sharlan Meadows (before the river, foreground of photo) and Padus patch (after the river, centre of photo) (2009). The Khong and Sharlan Rivers meet on the left side of the photo to become Eroo River. 18
2.2.2 Cyanopica cyanus in Khonin Nuga, Northern Mongolia This study involved a colony of C. cyanus inhabiting the valley around the Khonin Nuga field station. This population appears to have established only recently in 2005 after an outbreak of Gypsy Moths (Lymantria dispar). At the Khonin Nuga Research Station and in northern Mongolia generally, the C. cyanus population is very localised, living in small colonies isolated from any other colonies. At the research station they appear to inhabit only one single area making only short excursions to forage within 1 km of their breeding range (K-J Wilson, pers. comm.). As with populations of C. cyanus from other regions, the Khonin Nuga population does not migrate in winter, but will travel up to 15 km along the river for one to three days (Gantulga, 2010). Previous work on C. cyanus at Khonin Nuga involved: colour banding by Kerry-Jayne Wilson in 2006; banding and breeding dates recorded by Jenny Beyer, Georg-August University, Germany in 2007; breeding biology and banding studies by Gantulga Bayandonoi (National University of Mongolia) and Kerry-Jayne Wilson in 2008 and 2009. In 2007 and 2008, the birds started laying eggs in May and usually finished around June (Gantulga et al., in review). Preliminary data showed that very few of the chicks that were banded in 2007 were subsequently re-sighted in Khonin Nuga in 2008, whereas a large proportion of chicks banded in 2008 were sighted in 2009 (Gantulga et al., unpublished data). In May 2009, a huge anthropogenic fire broke out and devastated 70,000 ha of the area in and around the Khonin Nuga valley (Oyunsanaa B., pers. comm.). In the immediate vicinity of the field station (3km radius), all vegetation was affected save for some small pockets along the river (pers. obs.). The fire reduced the initial breeding population to just one nest, although pairs were observed building nests and breeding within weeks of the fire (Gantulga, 2010). I will use the term ‘colony’ when referring to this group of Cyanopica cyanus at Khonin Nuga. ‘Colony’ was preferred over ‘group’ because the latter implies that there is more than one group breeding or resident in the vicinity. Although ‘colony’ generally is used for birds that nest closely to each other e.g. gull colonies, I used the term in this context to reflect the social behaviour (e.g. flocking while foraging, roosting together, non-territoriality) of the C. cyanus at Khonin Nuga. 19
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Statement Lincoln Univers
Page 3 and 4: The Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica c
Page 5 and 6: proportions of banded adults and ju
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Abstract ........
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 2.1 Definition
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3.9 Proportion of time spent
Page 13 and 14: 1.1 Impact and effects of fire Chap
Page 15 and 16: In contrast to the arguments above,
Page 17 and 18: capacity will result in increased i
Page 19 and 20: The subject of this study, Cyanopic
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Methods 2.1 General Infor
Page 23 and 24: The extreme disjunct distribution o
Page 25 and 26: The IUCN lists Cyanopica cyanus as
Page 27 and 28: Clutches range from four to eleven
Page 29: logging set up a makeshift camp ca.
Page 33 and 34: 2.3 Methods 2.3.1 Data collection H
Page 35 and 36: If the group moved on to another ar
Page 37 and 38: Population Dynamics Nest predation
Page 39 and 40: I investigated the similarities of
Page 41 and 42: I performed a Chi-Square Test of As
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.2 Home range of Cyanopica
Page 45 and 46: Kassel The area used by the birds i
Page 47 and 48: 2007. It is also the primary night
Page 49 and 50: (a) (b) Figure 3.6 Detailed map of
Page 51 and 52: significantly from 9% in 2009 to 15
Page 53 and 54: observed individuals in Betula plat
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 Population Dynamics 3.3.1 Frequ
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.6 Life history of individua
Page 59 and 60: Number of individuals 60 50 40 30 2
Page 61 and 62: Proportion (%) of individuals re-si
Page 63 and 64: 3.3.4 Breeding individuals Out of t
Page 65 and 66: 3.3.5 Pair-bond retentions Due to t
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.12 Banded females and known
Page 69 and 70: Proportion (%) of individuals 80 70
Page 71 and 72: coordinate system. However, the res
Page 73 and 74: (Dendrocopus spp. and Picus canus)
Page 75 and 76: also be useful for further studies
Page 77 and 78: Cyanopica cyanus respond to aerial
Page 79 and 80: e explained by the formula which us
Page 81 and 82:
Breeding individuals, pair-bonds, s
Page 83 and 84:
UNICEF, 2010). This event and the f
Page 85 and 86:
(Bayartaa et al., 2007). In Norther
Page 87 and 88:
This study provides a baseline for
Page 89 and 90:
BirdLife International. (2009). Cya
Page 91 and 92:
Ford, H.A. (1989) Ecology of Birds:
Page 93 and 94:
Kirkpatrick, C. & Conway, C. (2010)
Page 95 and 96:
Pryde, M.A. (2003) Using Program 'M
Page 97 and 98:
Valendik, E.N., Ivanova, G.A., Chul
Page 99 and 100:
Appendix A Datasheet for observatio
Page 101 and 102:
Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar larvae
Page 103 and 104:
The author coming back from a day i
Page 105:
Dense Padus asiatica form a ‘cano
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