Habitat use and population dynamics of the Azure-Winged Magpie ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Padus Patch I delineated this area by using the Eroo River which runs from north-east to south-east, a dirt track to the south-west, a path leading down to the Eroo River to the north to north-west, and a dirt track leading to Eroo River to the south. This area is ca. 0.091 km 2 . The birds were located here 33.6 % (51 out of 152) of my observations. In 2010, two breeding pairs established their nests here, in the dense Padus asiatica patch (Fig. 3.6b). They built their nests a month later than the birds that bred in the Main Breeding Area the same year. Padus asiatica shrubs cover about 30% of this area. In certain parts of the area, the P. asiatica shrubs form very dense cover by growing close to each other, with low branches interlinking, forming a ‘canopy’ (see Appendix 2). Under the Padus ‘canopy’ there is sparse ground cover, as canopy cover is mostly 80-90% and blocks out most of the sunlight. Out of the 51 observations made in the Padus Patch Area, the colony spent 64.7% of observations in this dense shrub area. Out of the 51 observations made in the Padus Patch Area, C. cyanus was observed in six observation events in the B. platyphylla woodland with sparse undergrowth. This is where P. asiatica bushes are not able to form dense covers, but herbs, grass and Rosa spp. is abundant and covers the ground (ca. 50cm in height), with the occasional Betula, Larix or Pinus trees (> 5m) (Fig. 3.6b). Sharlan meadows This area is delineated by the Eroo River to the south-west, and a little stream that flows into the Eroo River, north of this area. Further north-east are tall meadows, and towards the foothills running north to south-east are grassland/ meadows. However, C. cyanus was never observed to utilise habitats outside of the coloured area on the map (Fig. 3.6b), and therefore the vegetation outside this area was not described and sketched. This area is ca. 0.024 km 2 . Out of the 10 observations in this area, the birds always utilised the area with bush cover, alternating between foraging in the Padus asiatica bushes and the ground or grass/herb layer consisting of Poa spp.. The Sharlan Meadows habitat area is separated from the Main Breeding Area by hills (Fig. 3.2). The C. cyanus colony quite often moved in between both the Main Breeding Area and Sharlan Meadows by moving up the cliffs/ slope of the hill. They would forage on the ground on the way, but the whole colony would tend to move very fast, stopping at any spot for less than 5 minutes. 36
(a) (b) Figure 3.6 Detailed map of (a) Khonin Nuga (Research Station) and (b) Padus Patch and Sharlan Meadows areas. Three nests were located in the dense Padus asiatica bushes. Nests P1 & P2 were close together. Nest P3 was further south. For description of coloured areas see Fig. 3.2 & 3.3 Legend. Other areas Occasionally, this colony of C. cyanus utilised some habitats outside of the six described areas. On one occasion I observed the birds in the piece of land in between where the two rivers Khong and Sharlan meet (Fig. 3.2), consisting of riverine scrub with Padus asiatica and Salix spp., and mature Betula platyphylla stands. However they were seen only for 10 minutes and then could not be located after that. I once followed them to the top of a hill, across the river and north of the Khonin Nuga field station. The colony did not appear to be feeding, but was actively mobbing two raptors (species undetermined). Only on one occasion in 2009 did I observe the birds utilising areas outside their home range. This area, Sharlan Valley, is 2 km east of the Khonin Nuga valley. The birds were observed moving along both sides of a logging road and feeding in P. asiatica shrubs, young B. platyphylla trees (
Page 1 and 2: Copyright Statement Lincoln Univers
Page 3 and 4: The Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica c
Page 5 and 6: proportions of banded adults and ju
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Abstract ........
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 2.1 Definition
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3.9 Proportion of time spent
Page 13 and 14: 1.1 Impact and effects of fire Chap
Page 15 and 16: In contrast to the arguments above,
Page 17 and 18: capacity will result in increased i
Page 19 and 20: The subject of this study, Cyanopic
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 Methods 2.1 General Infor
Page 23 and 24: The extreme disjunct distribution o
Page 25 and 26: The IUCN lists Cyanopica cyanus as
Page 27 and 28: Clutches range from four to eleven
Page 29 and 30: logging set up a makeshift camp ca.
Page 31 and 32: 2.2.2 Cyanopica cyanus in Khonin Nu
Page 33 and 34: 2.3 Methods 2.3.1 Data collection H
Page 35 and 36: If the group moved on to another ar
Page 37 and 38: Population Dynamics Nest predation
Page 39 and 40: I investigated the similarities of
Page 41 and 42: I performed a Chi-Square Test of As
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.2 Home range of Cyanopica
Page 45 and 46: Kassel The area used by the birds i
Page 47: 2007. It is also the primary night
Page 51 and 52: significantly from 9% in 2009 to 15
Page 53 and 54: observed individuals in Betula plat
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 Population Dynamics 3.3.1 Frequ
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.6 Life history of individua
Page 59 and 60: Number of individuals 60 50 40 30 2
Page 61 and 62: Proportion (%) of individuals re-si
Page 63 and 64: 3.3.4 Breeding individuals Out of t
Page 65 and 66: 3.3.5 Pair-bond retentions Due to t
Page 67 and 68: Table 3.12 Banded females and known
Page 69 and 70: Proportion (%) of individuals 80 70
Page 71 and 72: coordinate system. However, the res
Page 73 and 74: (Dendrocopus spp. and Picus canus)
Page 75 and 76: also be useful for further studies
Page 77 and 78: Cyanopica cyanus respond to aerial
Page 79 and 80: e explained by the formula which us
Page 81 and 82: Breeding individuals, pair-bonds, s
Page 83 and 84: UNICEF, 2010). This event and the f
Page 85 and 86: (Bayartaa et al., 2007). In Norther
Page 87 and 88: This study provides a baseline for
Page 89 and 90: BirdLife International. (2009). Cya
Page 91 and 92: Ford, H.A. (1989) Ecology of Birds:
Page 93 and 94: Kirkpatrick, C. & Conway, C. (2010)
Page 95 and 96: Pryde, M.A. (2003) Using Program 'M
Page 97 and 98: Valendik, E.N., Ivanova, G.A., Chul
Page 99 and 100:
Appendix A Datasheet for observatio
Page 101 and 102:
Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar larvae
Page 103 and 104:
The author coming back from a day i
Page 105:
Dense Padus asiatica form a ‘cano
show all

Habitat use and population dynamics of the Azure-Winged Magpie ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?