Soil Management Handbook - Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Wind Many studies illustrate the negative effects of high wind on crop production and quality. Exposure to moderate and high winds has a desiccating effect (due to the high evapotranspiration rates) and causes physical damage. During the winter, wind removes snow cover; increases the risk of soil drying and root desiccating, as well as causing damage to roots of perennial crops as a result of low temperatures. High winds often result in tattered leaves, smaller leaves, broken shoots, extensive lateral growth, reduced insect activity in blossoms and thicker skins on berries. Wind in excess of 12 km/hr cause stomata to close, resulting in reduced photosynthesis. Stomates are reported to recover slowly if the reason for their closure was high winds and more quickly if the wind speeds were moderate. Windbreaks with 50% reduction of wind may be beneficial for areas of the South Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys in the Oliver/Osoyoos area where strong daily winds are typical weather patterns in spring and summer. Studies have shown that sheltered crops protected by artificial or natural windbreaks have better crop vigor, quality and yield. The benefits of wind shelters will vary, with the frequency and the degree of high winds. Economic benefits of wind breaks depend on: • wind behaviour • crop species or variety • pruning or trellis system used and crop row layout • soil moisture and temperature during the windy period • growth phase of the crop when high winds occur • design of windbreak • cost of windbreak • increase in income as a result of windbreak Economical production may not be possible in some areas due to high winds. Not all wind is bad though. The turbulent effect of winds may help in sunny continental climates, such as the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys where background levels of carbon dioxide are relatively low. Assimilation of carbon dioxide may be restricted by low concentrations in the leaf canopy. Summary Appendix A-5 The integrated climate of the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys creates a pleasant environment to live in. The climate of the area, although not suited to grow all types of crops, are well blended to support a flourishing culture of vegetables, field crops, cereal crops, small and tree fruits, pasture and other minor crops.
Appendix A-6 Abbreviations Used in Table 1 Lat. Latitude (degrees-minutes) North Long. Longitude (degrees-minutes) West Elev. Elevation (m) GDD Growing Degree Day above 5°C LSF Average date of last spring frost FFF Average date of first fall frost FFP Freeze free period (days) PA Annual precipitation (mm) PS May-September precipitation (mm) Snow Mean snowfall (cm) GP Greatest precipitation in 24 hrs (mm) ever recorded PES Estimated May-September potential evapotranspiration (mm) Ext. Min. Lowest minimum temperature ever recorded (°C) Ext. Max. Highest maximum temperature ever recorded (°C) Jan. Min. Average January minimum temperature (°C) July Max. Average July maximum temperature (°C)
Page 2 and 3:
Soil Management Handbook For The Ok
Page 4 and 5:
Preface The Soil Management Handboo
Page 6 and 7:
Table Of Contents Preface..........
Page 8 and 9:
Table of Contents Con't. Page 3.6 D
Page 10 and 11:
List Of Soil Management Groups And
Page 12:
List Of Tables Table1: Farm Conserv
Page 15 and 16:
To obtain information about the soi
Page 17 and 18:
List of Definitions for Table 1 Con
Page 19 and 20:
Well Suited Crops • All necessary
Page 21 and 22:
Soil Depth refers to the depth to e
Page 23 and 24:
Grapes: grape suitability is strong
Page 25 and 26:
Soil Management Groups This section
Page 27 and 28:
Gammil Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 29 and 30:
Greata Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 31 and 32:
Kelowna Soil Management Group Soil
Page 33 and 34:
Munson Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 35 and 36:
Postill Soil Management Group Soil
Page 37 and 38:
Rumohr Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 39 and 40:
Skaha Soil Management Group Soil Se
Page 41 and 42:
Summerland Soil Management Group So
Page 43 and 44:
Miscellaneous Soils Soil Series: Ar
Page 45 and 46:
Soil Management Guide This section
Page 47 and 48:
Table 5 Soil Particle Size and Char
Page 49 and 50:
Table 6 Physical Characteristics of
Page 51 and 52:
plant roots and organic matter. The
Page 53 and 54:
The bulk density of high organic mi
Page 55 and 56:
Other management practices, such as
Page 57 and 58: Figure 11 Schematic drawing of the
Page 59 and 60: 1 m, etc., in an orchard block wher
Page 61 and 62: 3. Water Management High rainfall d
Page 63 and 64: Table 12 Availability Coefficients
Page 65 and 66: Impact of large drops of water disp
Page 67 and 68: The single most important soil fact
Page 69 and 70: land. Drainage systems are also nec
Page 71 and 72: Detailed information is provided in
Page 73 and 74: Table 16 Generalized Soil Profile D
Page 75 and 76: Table 17 Drain Recommendations Base
Page 77 and 78: is very susceptible to structure de
Page 79 and 80: vertically into the soil and as it
Page 81 and 82: Figure 19 Schematic drawing of the
Page 83 and 84: Case 1: Well Structured Soils If th
Page 85 and 86: fracture requires the soil to expan
Page 87 and 88: "tie up" some soil nitrogen, althou
Page 89 and 90: efer to the following Factsheets: S
Page 91 and 92: contaminate groundwater. Water cont
Page 93 and 94: Table 18 N, P and K Content of Vari
Page 95 and 96: field access is possible, manure ap
Page 97 and 98: Annual or permanent cover will redu
Page 99 and 100: agricultural production, its impact
Page 101 and 102: References Published Sources Agricu
Page 103 and 104: Stevenson, D.S. and Brownlee, C.H.
Page 105 and 106: Appendix A-2 Figure 2 Typical summe
Page 107: Appendix A-4 fall frost. The angle
Page 111 and 112: Appendix B: Soil Series And Locatio
Page 113 and 114: Greata Soil Management Group Greata
Page 115 and 116: Postill Soil Management Group Eanea
Page 117 and 118: Miscellaneous Soils Armstrong (A:er
Page 119: FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT B.C
show all

Soil Management Handbook - Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?