Soil Management Handbook - Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

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Susap Soil Management Group Soil Series: Bullock (BK), Kinney (KY), Monashee (MØ) and Susap (SU) General Characteristics: All soils have as their parent materials recent fluvial floodplain deposits. Bullock, Kinney and Susap consist of stone-free, medium, moderately coarse and coarse-textured overlays that vary in depth from 25 to 100 cm or more in thickness. These overlays are underlain by coarse-textured sandy and gravelly deposits. The Monashee soils vary from nonstony (S0) to very stony (S3) in the surface 25 cm. The surface soil is underlain by a cobbly subsoil. The soils of this group are imperfectly drained and have fluctuating groundwater tables that are within 0 to 25 cm of the surface at times. Soil surfaces vary from near level (0.5%) to gently sloping (5%). Dominant Soil Limitations: • The soils have fluctuating groundwater tables. • The soils are susceptible to flooding in undyked areas along the Similkameen River. • The soils (especially Kinney) may be susceptible to high watertables in some areas along the Okanagan River Channel. • Kinney soils may have moderate levels of salinity. Well Suited Crops: Forage crops - wetter sites. Suited Crops: Where drainage and dyking have been installed, suited crops are: annual vegetable crops, blueberries, cereals, corn, forage crops - drier sites, grapes, nursery and Christmas trees, raspberries and strawberries. Tree fruits may be suited on sites that have drainage provided by dykes or micro-topographic features. Management Inputs: Water Management System: Drainage is required for all soils to lower the groundwater table and dyking is necessary for some soils to prevent flooding. The suggested drain spacing is 16 m at a 1.2 m depth. Organic Matter Incorporation: Incorporation of organic matter is required to improve the water-holding capacity and nutrient-holding capacity of these soils. Unsuited Crops: Alfalfa, asparagus and ginseng. Tree fruits are not suited in undrained areas or where seepage from a river or channel saturates the subsoil. Reasons: Cost of providing effective drainage for these deep-rooted crops is likely to be uneconomical. Soil Management Handbook – Okanagan-Similkameen Valleys 29
Miscellaneous Soils Soil Series: Armstrong (A:er), Corporation (CP), Dub Lake (DU), Enderby (EY:er) (EY:li), Glenemma (G:er), Iltcoola (IL), Kloag Pass (KG), Maynard (MD), Nahun (H:er), Rutland (R:er) and Solly (SØ) General Characteristics: Corporation, Dub Lake, Kloag Pass and Solly soils have developed in sandy and gravelly coarse-textured fluvioglacial or lacustrine deposits, Iltcoola soils in coarse-textured sandy and gravelly fluvial deposits and Maynard soils in medium-textured glaciolacustrine material that is very calcareous and weakly to moderately saline. Armstrong soil, eroded phase, has developed in coarse-textured glacial till deposits and have a shallow sandy eolian surface cap. Nahun, Rutland and Glenemma soils, eroded phases, have developed on gravelly, cobbly, coarse to moderately-coarse glaciofluvial deposits. Enderby soils have developed on a stone-free, medium to moderately fine-textured stratified glaciolacustrine sediments. The eroded phase has a soil depth of less than 50 cm. The lithic phase has a bedrock contact within 75 cm of the surface. The topography of Corporation soils ranges from strong to extreme, 15 to 70% and Dub Lake soils from very strongly to extreme, 30 to 70%; both soils have a stoniness class of S0. Kloag Pass soils have slopes that range from very gentle to gentle, 2 to 9% and a stoniness class of S1 to S2. Solly soils have surfaces that vary from nearly level to gentle slopes, 0.5 to 9% and a stoniness class of S2. Iltcoola soil surfaces vary from nearly level to very gentle slopes, 0.5 to 9% and a stoniness class of S0 to S4. Flooding risk is a limitation of this soil. Maynard soils range from gentle to extreme slopes, 5 to 70% and have a stoniness class of S0. Armstrong, eroded phase, slope is greater than 30% and stoniness class is S1 to S3. Nahun, Rutland and Glenemma, eroded phases, have a stoniness class up to S4 and are very strongly to extremely sloping (30 to 70%). The Enderby eroded phase has slopes greater than 15% and the lithic phase has slopes that range from 5 to 30%. • Armstrong A:er is a poorly developed, shallow soil found on very strongly sloping sites which are not suited to agriculture. • Corporation soils are severely constrained for agricultural uses because of steep topography and potential slope instability. • Dub Lake soils are not suitable for agricultural uses because of excessive slopes and instability and erosion hazards if the thin natural vegetation cover is disturbed. • Enderby EY:er eroded phase, Enderby EY:li lithic phase, these soils are generally too shallow to support the growth of agricultural crops. • Glenemma G:er, Nahun (H:er) and Rutland (R:er) are poorly developed, shallow soils with a high percent of stones or coarse fragments in relation to the soil matrix. There is insufficient soil to support crop production. • Iltcoola soils are generally unsuited for agricultural uses due to coarse, stony-textures and the danger of flooding. Forage crops - wetter sites may be poorly suited to some sites. These soils have a low suitability to a narrow range of crops, but tree fruits are being grown on some. • Kloag Pass soils are uncommon and are not suited to agricultural uses. No crops are recommended on these soils. • Maynard soils are generally not suited for agricultural uses. Adverse topography, high susceptibility to erosion, slow subsoil permeability, low bearing strengths and high salinity are all major restrictions. • Solly soils are poorly suited for agricultural uses and only a few areas have been developed for pasture (forage crops - drier sites). 30 Soil Management Handbook – Okanagan-Similkameen Valleys
Page 2 and 3: Soil Management Handbook For The Ok
Page 4 and 5: Preface The Soil Management Handboo
Page 6 and 7: Table Of Contents Preface..........
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents Con't. Page 3.6 D
Page 10 and 11: List Of Soil Management Groups And
Page 12: List Of Tables Table1: Farm Conserv
Page 15 and 16: To obtain information about the soi
Page 17 and 18: List of Definitions for Table 1 Con
Page 19 and 20: Well Suited Crops • All necessary
Page 21 and 22: Soil Depth refers to the depth to e
Page 23 and 24: Grapes: grape suitability is strong
Page 25 and 26: Soil Management Groups This section
Page 27 and 28: Gammil Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 29 and 30: Greata Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 31 and 32: Kelowna Soil Management Group Soil
Page 33 and 34: Munson Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 35 and 36: Postill Soil Management Group Soil
Page 37 and 38: Rumohr Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 39 and 40: Skaha Soil Management Group Soil Se
Page 41: Summerland Soil Management Group So
Page 45 and 46: Soil Management Guide This section
Page 47 and 48: Table 5 Soil Particle Size and Char
Page 49 and 50: Table 6 Physical Characteristics of
Page 51 and 52: plant roots and organic matter. The
Page 53 and 54: The bulk density of high organic mi
Page 55 and 56: Other management practices, such as
Page 57 and 58: Figure 11 Schematic drawing of the
Page 59 and 60: 1 m, etc., in an orchard block wher
Page 61 and 62: 3. Water Management High rainfall d
Page 63 and 64: Table 12 Availability Coefficients
Page 65 and 66: Impact of large drops of water disp
Page 67 and 68: The single most important soil fact
Page 69 and 70: land. Drainage systems are also nec
Page 71 and 72: Detailed information is provided in
Page 73 and 74: Table 16 Generalized Soil Profile D
Page 75 and 76: Table 17 Drain Recommendations Base
Page 77 and 78: is very susceptible to structure de
Page 79 and 80: vertically into the soil and as it
Page 81 and 82: Figure 19 Schematic drawing of the
Page 83 and 84: Case 1: Well Structured Soils If th
Page 85 and 86: fracture requires the soil to expan
Page 87 and 88: "tie up" some soil nitrogen, althou
Page 89 and 90: efer to the following Factsheets: S
Page 91 and 92: contaminate groundwater. Water cont
Page 93 and 94:
Table 18 N, P and K Content of Vari
Page 95 and 96:
field access is possible, manure ap
Page 97 and 98:
Annual or permanent cover will redu
Page 99 and 100:
agricultural production, its impact
Page 101 and 102:
References Published Sources Agricu
Page 103 and 104:
Stevenson, D.S. and Brownlee, C.H.
Page 105 and 106:
Appendix A-2 Figure 2 Typical summe
Page 107 and 108:
Appendix A-4 fall frost. The angle
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix A-6 Abbreviations Used in
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix B: Soil Series And Locatio
Page 113 and 114:
Greata Soil Management Group Greata
Page 115 and 116:
Postill Soil Management Group Eanea
Page 117 and 118:
Miscellaneous Soils Armstrong (A:er
Page 119:
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT B.C
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Soil Management Handbook - Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

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