Soil Management Handbook - Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

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Glenmore Soil Management Group Soil Series: Boucherie (BE), Broadview (B), Glenmore (GL) (GL:dg), Plaster (PLA), Spallumcheen (S) (S:gl) (S:gl,ca), Tappen (T) and Westbank (WK) General Characteristics: These soils have developed on moderately well drained, moderately fine to fine-textured silty and clayey glaciolacustrine sediments. The soils are slowly pervious, have a high water storage capacity and a high available nutrient-holding capacity. The topographies of the soils in this group range from very gentle and gentle (2 to 9%) to strong (15 to 30%). Dominant Soil Limitations: • These fine to very fine-textured soils have a high potential to be eroded. • The compact clayey subsoils will restrict the proper rooting depth of some crops. • Soils are very weakly to weakly saline below 60 cm. • Organic matter content of the surface horizons is low. Well Suited Crops: Alfalfa, annual vegetables (except root crop vegetables), cereals and forage crops - wetter sites are well suited on slopes up to 9%. Management Inputs: Tillage Practices: Careful cultivation practices provide a good seedbed and minimize compaction. Organic Matter Incorporation: Incorporation of organic matter in the cultivation layer will improve the soil structure and decrease surface crusting. Subsoiling: Periodic subsoiling opens up the fine-textured dense subsoil. Suited Crops: Corn, nursery and Christmas trees and root crop vegetables, are suited on slopes that are less than 9%. Where slopes are 9 to 15%, blueberries, forage crops - drier sites, grapes, raspberries, strawberries and tree fruits, can produce acceptable yields. Management Inputs: Tillage Practices: Proper timing of land preparation is important for the reduction of soil compaction. Organic Matter Incorporation: Incorporation of organic matter in the cultivated layer will improve the soil structure and decrease surface crusting, especially for blueberries. Erosion Control Practices: Soil conservation practices should be carried out on slopes in excess of 9% to prevent erosion by water. Subsoiling: Periodic subsoiling will be necessary for the opening of dense subsoils to improve rooting of annual crops. Cover Cropping: Tree fruits should have a perennial cover crop and grapes, blueberries and raspberries should have some form of cover crop during the August to March period to reduce soil erosion. Water Management System: Where drainage is required, the suggested drain spacing is 10 to 12 m at a 0.8 m depth. Unsuited Crops: Asparagus and ginseng. Reasons: Even with subsoiling, these crops would produce yields that are likely to be low. Soil Management Handbook – Okanagan-Similkameen Valleys 15
Greata Soil Management Group Soil Series: Greata (GT) (GT:bl), McKinley (MK) and Valley Creek (VW) General Characteristics: These soils have developed in well drained, gravelly and stony, coarse-textured fluvioglacial overlays which vary from 30 to 100 cm in thickness. The surface stoniness varies from nonstony (S0) to very stony (S3). These soils are underlain by medium to moderately fine-textured silty and clayey glaciolacustrine sediments. Drainage of these soils to a specified depth range from rapid to slow depending on the thickness of the overlay. The topography of these soils vary from gentle (6 to 9%) to very strong slopes (30 to 45%). There are also minor areas with slopes that are greater than 70%. Dominant Soil Limitations: • Adverse topography occurs where slopes are greater than 25%. • Surface and subsurface stoniness varies from nonstony (S0) to very stony (S3). • Compact subsoils are present below the sandy and gravelly fluvioglacial overlays. • Very weakly to moderately saline subsoils occur. • Increased soil acidification is expected after several years of irrigation and fertilizer additions. • Organic matter content of surface horizons varies from moderate to very low. Well Suited Crops: None Suited Crops: These sites are best suited to the grassland crop, however, where slopes are less than 15%, surface textures are gravelly sandy loam to gravelly loamy sand in the top 50 cm over glaciolacustrine deposits, surfaces are nonstony (S0) to moderately stony (S2), suited crops are: alfalfa, annual vegetable crops (except root crop vegetables), blueberries, cereals, corn, forage crops -drier sites, ginseng, grapes, nursery and Christmas trees, raspberries, strawberries and tree fruits. In areas that are less well drained, forage crops - wetter sites are suited. Slopes that are 15 to 25%, but have other soil conditions as listed above, are suited to grapes and tree fruits (except sour cherries, M9 and M26 apple rootstocks on slopes up to 20%) only. Management Inputs: Stone Removal: Stone removal will be required for moderately stony soils (S2) when crops other than tree fruits and grapes are grown. Erosion Control Practices: Crops to be grown on slopes greater than 9% will require conservation practices to prevent soil erosion. Water Management System: Where drainage is required, the suggested drain spacing is 16 to 18 m at a 1.2 m depth. Unsuited Crops: Asparagus and root crop vegetables on any slopes due to the shallowness and stoniness of the surface soil. All crops are unsuited where slopes are greater than 25%, except grasslands. Reasons: Soil erosion susceptibility of these slopes is extreme. Machinery has great difficulty negotiating these slopes and excess stoniness limits cultivation. 16 Soil Management Handbook – Okanagan-Similkameen Valleys
Page 2 and 3: Soil Management Handbook For The Ok
Page 4 and 5: Preface The Soil Management Handboo
Page 6 and 7: Table Of Contents Preface..........
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents Con't. Page 3.6 D
Page 10 and 11: List Of Soil Management Groups And
Page 12: List Of Tables Table1: Farm Conserv
Page 15 and 16: To obtain information about the soi
Page 17 and 18: List of Definitions for Table 1 Con
Page 19 and 20: Well Suited Crops • All necessary
Page 21 and 22: Soil Depth refers to the depth to e
Page 23 and 24: Grapes: grape suitability is strong
Page 25 and 26: Soil Management Groups This section
Page 27: Gammil Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 31 and 32: Kelowna Soil Management Group Soil
Page 33 and 34: Munson Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 35 and 36: Postill Soil Management Group Soil
Page 37 and 38: Rumohr Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 39 and 40: Skaha Soil Management Group Soil Se
Page 41 and 42: Summerland Soil Management Group So
Page 43 and 44: Miscellaneous Soils Soil Series: Ar
Page 45 and 46: Soil Management Guide This section
Page 47 and 48: Table 5 Soil Particle Size and Char
Page 49 and 50: Table 6 Physical Characteristics of
Page 51 and 52: plant roots and organic matter. The
Page 53 and 54: The bulk density of high organic mi
Page 55 and 56: Other management practices, such as
Page 57 and 58: Figure 11 Schematic drawing of the
Page 59 and 60: 1 m, etc., in an orchard block wher
Page 61 and 62: 3. Water Management High rainfall d
Page 63 and 64: Table 12 Availability Coefficients
Page 65 and 66: Impact of large drops of water disp
Page 67 and 68: The single most important soil fact
Page 69 and 70: land. Drainage systems are also nec
Page 71 and 72: Detailed information is provided in
Page 73 and 74: Table 16 Generalized Soil Profile D
Page 75 and 76: Table 17 Drain Recommendations Base
Page 77 and 78: is very susceptible to structure de
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vertically into the soil and as it
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Figure 19 Schematic drawing of the
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Case 1: Well Structured Soils If th
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fracture requires the soil to expan
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"tie up" some soil nitrogen, althou
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efer to the following Factsheets: S
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contaminate groundwater. Water cont
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Table 18 N, P and K Content of Vari
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field access is possible, manure ap
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Annual or permanent cover will redu
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agricultural production, its impact
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References Published Sources Agricu
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Stevenson, D.S. and Brownlee, C.H.
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Appendix A-2 Figure 2 Typical summe
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Appendix A-4 fall frost. The angle
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Appendix A-6 Abbreviations Used in
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Appendix B: Soil Series And Locatio
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Greata Soil Management Group Greata
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Postill Soil Management Group Eanea
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Miscellaneous Soils Armstrong (A:er
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FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT B.C
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Soil Management Handbook - Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

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