Soil Management Handbook - Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

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Chopaka Soil Management Group Soil Series: Bessette (BT), Chopaka (CK), Duteau (D), Gillanders (GS), Nisconlith (N) (N:ca), Priest Creek (PT) and Strutt (ST) General Characteristics: These soils have developed on recent alluvial floodplain deposits and on fluvial fan deposits. The floodplain soils of this group consist of stone-free, medium to moderately fine-textured overlays which vary in depth from less than 50 cm to 100 cm or more in thickness. These deposits are underlain by coarse-textured sandy and gravelly deposits. The alluvial fan soil – Priest Creek (PT) – is moderately coarse to medium-textured in the surface and subsurface and can be slightly stony (S1). Gravels occur quite deep in the subsoil. Soils developed from both parent materials are calcareous. They have topographies that range from nearly level (0.5%) to very gentle (5%) and drainage that is poor to very poor. Dominant Soil Limitations: • The soils in this group are subject to flooding in the spring. • These soils are poorly to very poorly drained and are subject to a high groundwater table. • This group has varying levels of salinity, ranging from none to moderately saline. Well Suited Crops: Forage crops – wetter sites and grasslands. Suited Crops: When soils are drained, annual vegetable crops, blueberries, cereals, corn, forage crops – drier sites, nursery stock and Christmas trees and strawberries. Where drainage or flooding protection is provided and salinity can be controlled through irrigation, some sites may be suited to tree fruits. Management Inputs: Water Management System: Drainage is required to lower the groundwater table and to remove salts that have been leached by irrigation. The suggested drain spacing is 16 to 18 m at a 1.2 m depth. Unsuited Crops: Alfalfa, asparagus, ginseng, grapes, raspberries and tree fruits. Reasons: Because of the normally deep-rooting habit of these crops, minimum watertable levels required for maximum yields could be achieved only at very high costs. Soil Management Handbook – Okanagan-Similkameen Valleys 13
Gammil Soil Management Group Soil Series: Debeck (DE), Ellison (EN), Gammil (GM), Glenemma (G), Nahun (H) (H:db), Peachland (PA), Rutland (R) and Seaton (SE) General Characteristics: These soils have developed in gravelly, cobbly and stony, coarse to moderately coarse soil overlays which vary in depth from 10 to 70 cm. The surface stoniness varies from nonstony (S0) to exceedingly stony (S4). These veneers are underlain by gravelly, cobbly and stony, coarse and very coarse-textured glaciofluvial deposits. The arable topography varies from nearly level to moderate slopes (9 to 15%). Non-arable topography exists and have slopes that range from 15 to 45%. These soils are rapidly to well drained, have a low water storage capacity and have a low to very low nutrient-holding capacity. Dominant Soil Limitations: • Adverse topography occurs where the slopes are in excess of 20%. Tractor operation is difficult on these slopes and the soils are susceptible to erosion by water. • Variable stoniness hinders cultivation and planting in various parts of the land parcels. • Coarse-textured soils are very susceptible to soil acidification after several years of irrigation and fertilizer additions. • Soils are low in available water storage capacity, natural fertility and organic matter content. Well Suited Crops: On sites where the slopes are up to 9%, surface stoniness is S0 and soil depth is greater than 50 cm, all climatically adapted crops are well suited. Suited Crops: On slopes up to 15%, soil overlay >50 cm and stoniness is S0 to S1, blueberries, cereals, corn, raspberries, sour cherries and strawberries. On slopes to 20%, forage crops - drier sites and M9 and M26 apple rootstocks. Where slopes are less than 25%, surface stoniness classes range from no stones (S0) to very stony (S3), soil surface textures are sandy loam to gravelly sandy loam, then Christmas trees, grapes and all tree fruits (except M9 and M26 apple rootstocks and sour cherries) can produce acceptable yields. Generally, sites with S4 stoniness would limit the suitability of tree fruits. Management Inputs: Stone Removal: These soils have a very shallow veneer of coarse soils over stones and stone removal is required in stoniness classes S2 (moderately stony) and S3 (very stony). Areas with fewer stones, in the surface soils, are still root restricting for all crops and need to be closely monitored with regards to water and nutrient movement. Organic Matter Incorporation: Incorporation of organic matter is required for moisture conservation. Unsuited Crops: Alfalfa, annual vegetable crops, asparagus, forage crops - wetter sites, ginseng, nursery stock and root crop vegetables on S4 soils. Reasons: Surface and subsurface stones in a very high percentage of these soils would prevent acceptable yields due to harvesting difficulties and the need for high levels of irrigation. 14 Soil Management Handbook – Okanagan-Similkameen Valleys
Page 2 and 3: Soil Management Handbook For The Ok
Page 4 and 5: Preface The Soil Management Handboo
Page 6 and 7: Table Of Contents Preface..........
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents Con't. Page 3.6 D
Page 10 and 11: List Of Soil Management Groups And
Page 12: List Of Tables Table1: Farm Conserv
Page 15 and 16: To obtain information about the soi
Page 17 and 18: List of Definitions for Table 1 Con
Page 19 and 20: Well Suited Crops • All necessary
Page 21 and 22: Soil Depth refers to the depth to e
Page 23 and 24: Grapes: grape suitability is strong
Page 25: Soil Management Groups This section
Page 29 and 30: Greata Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 31 and 32: Kelowna Soil Management Group Soil
Page 33 and 34: Munson Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 35 and 36: Postill Soil Management Group Soil
Page 37 and 38: Rumohr Soil Management Group Soil S
Page 39 and 40: Skaha Soil Management Group Soil Se
Page 41 and 42: Summerland Soil Management Group So
Page 43 and 44: Miscellaneous Soils Soil Series: Ar
Page 45 and 46: Soil Management Guide This section
Page 47 and 48: Table 5 Soil Particle Size and Char
Page 49 and 50: Table 6 Physical Characteristics of
Page 51 and 52: plant roots and organic matter. The
Page 53 and 54: The bulk density of high organic mi
Page 55 and 56: Other management practices, such as
Page 57 and 58: Figure 11 Schematic drawing of the
Page 59 and 60: 1 m, etc., in an orchard block wher
Page 61 and 62: 3. Water Management High rainfall d
Page 63 and 64: Table 12 Availability Coefficients
Page 65 and 66: Impact of large drops of water disp
Page 67 and 68: The single most important soil fact
Page 69 and 70: land. Drainage systems are also nec
Page 71 and 72: Detailed information is provided in
Page 73 and 74: Table 16 Generalized Soil Profile D
Page 75 and 76: Table 17 Drain Recommendations Base
Page 77 and 78:
is very susceptible to structure de
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vertically into the soil and as it
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Figure 19 Schematic drawing of the
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Case 1: Well Structured Soils If th
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fracture requires the soil to expan
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"tie up" some soil nitrogen, althou
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efer to the following Factsheets: S
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contaminate groundwater. Water cont
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Table 18 N, P and K Content of Vari
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field access is possible, manure ap
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Annual or permanent cover will redu
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agricultural production, its impact
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References Published Sources Agricu
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Stevenson, D.S. and Brownlee, C.H.
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Appendix A-2 Figure 2 Typical summe
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Appendix A-4 fall frost. The angle
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Appendix A-6 Abbreviations Used in
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Appendix B: Soil Series And Locatio
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Greata Soil Management Group Greata
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Postill Soil Management Group Eanea
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Miscellaneous Soils Armstrong (A:er
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FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT B.C
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Soil Management Handbook - Ministry of Agriculture and Lands

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