List Of <strong>Soil</strong> <strong>Management</strong> Groups And <strong>Soil</strong>s Which Comprise Each Group 1. Chopaka -Bessette (BT)*, Chopaka (CK), Duteau (D)*, Gill<strong>and</strong>ers (GS), Nisconlith (N)* (N:ca)*, Priest Creek (PT) abd /Strutt (ST). 2. Gammil -Debeck (DE), Ellison (EN), Gammil (GM), Glenemma (G)*, Nahun (H)* (H:db)*, Peachl<strong>and</strong> (PA), Rutl<strong>and</strong> (R) <strong>and</strong> Seaton (SE)*. 3. Glenmore -Boucherie (BE), Broadview (B), Glenmore (GL) (GL:dg)*, Plaster (PLA)*, Spallumcheen (S)* (S;gl)* (S:gl,ca)*, Tappen (T)* <strong>and</strong> Westbank (WK). 4. Greata -Greata (GT) (GT:bl)*, McKinley (MK) <strong>and</strong> Valley Creek (VK). 5. Guisachan -Guisachan (GN), Tanaka (TA) <strong>and</strong> Winslow (WW). 6. Kelowna -Armstrong (A)* (A:sw)* (A:sw,cb)*, Bluespring (BP)*, Cherryville (CY)*, Giants Head (GH), Grizzly Hill (GH)*, Harrl<strong>and</strong> (HD), Hayman (HN), Kelowna (KE), McDougall (ML) <strong>and</strong> Reiswig (RS)*. 7. Keremeos -Cawston (CA), Coulthard (CD), Keremeos (K), Nighthawk (NG) <strong>and</strong> Snehumpton (SN). 8. Munson -Carlin (CN)*, Chapman (CH), Enderby (EY)*, Gellatly (GY), Higgin (HG), Hullcar (HR)*, Kalamoir (KR) Knox Mountain (KN), Lambly (LY), Mission Creek (MC), Munson (MU), Naramata (NM), Olhausen (ØH) <strong>and</strong> Pentiction (P). 9. Osoyoos -Glenfir (GF), Gr<strong>and</strong>view (GR)* (R:dg)*, Haynes (HA), Kaleden (KA), M<strong>of</strong>fat (MT)*, O’Keefe (ØK)*, Osoyoos (Ø), Oyama (ØY), Parkill (PR), Shuswap (SH)*, Stepney (SY)*, Trepanier (TR) <strong>and</strong> Trewitt (TW)*. 10. Postill -Eaneas (ES), Equesis (ES)*, Faulder (FR), Fowler (FR)*, Nkwala (NK), Pari (PAR)* <strong>and</strong> Postill (PL). 11. Roy Creek -Cameron Lake (CNA)*(CN), Inkaneep (IK) <strong>and</strong> Roy Creek (RY). 12. Rumohr -Darke Lake (DL), Gardom (GMA)*, Kendall (KD), Nisconlith (N:p)*, Okanagan (Ø)*, Rumohr (RH) <strong>and</strong> Waby (WY:m)*. 13. Similkameen -Coldstream (CS)*(CS:wd)*(CS:wd,ca)*, Kalamalka (K)*(K:dg)*(K:l)*, Olalla (ØL), Shannon (SA) <strong>and</strong> Similkameen (SM). 14. Skaha -Acl<strong>and</strong> Creek (AC), Agar Lake (AA), Dartmouth (DH), Paradise (PE), Skaha (SK) <strong>and</strong> Trout Creek (TC). 15. Stemwinder -Burnell Lake (BL), Canyonview (CY), Hupel (HU)*, Lumby (LY)*(LY:gl)*, Manery (MY), P<strong>and</strong>ozy (PY), Ponderosa (PØ), Ratnip ;(RN), Stemwinder (SW), Tomlin (TM) <strong>and</strong> Twin Lakes (TL). 16. Summerl<strong>and</strong> -Gartrell (GR) <strong>and</strong> Summerl<strong>and</strong> (SR) <strong>and</strong> Swanson (SN)*(SN:vp)*. 17. Susap -Bullock (BK), Kinney (KY), Monashee (MØ)* <strong>and</strong> Susap (SU). 18. Miscellaneous <strong>Soil</strong>s -Armstrong (A:er)*, Corporation (CP), Dub Lake (DU), Enderby (EY:er)* (EY:li)*, Glenemma (G:er)*, Iltcoola (IL), Kloag Pass (KG), Maynard (MD), Nahun (H:er)*, Rutl<strong>and</strong> (R:er)* <strong>and</strong> Solly (SØ). 19. Miscellaneous L<strong>and</strong> Types -MLA, MLB, MLC, MLD, MLE, MLF <strong>and</strong> MLG. 31 *= indicates soils mapped in the North Okanagan only, but some map symbols are the same as in the south NOTE: Cameron Lake has two map symbols, CNA for the North <strong>and</strong> CN for the South. - ix - Page 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
List Of Figures Figure 1: Volume composition <strong>of</strong> a silt loam surface soil in good condition for plant growth Figure 2: <strong>Soil</strong> texture classes. Percentages <strong>of</strong> clay <strong>and</strong> s<strong>and</strong> in the main textural classes <strong>of</strong> soil; the remainder <strong>of</strong> each is silt Figure 3: Schematic drawing <strong>of</strong> root growth in well-structured <strong>and</strong> poorly-structured soil Figure 4: Effect <strong>of</strong> cropping practices on soil aggregation Figure 5: The effect <strong>of</strong> compaction on pore space Figure 6: The effect <strong>of</strong> compaction on crop root growth Figure 7: Puddling <strong>of</strong> soil particles Figure 8: Effects <strong>of</strong> drainage on soil moisture Figure 9: Effects <strong>of</strong> wheel traffic on soil Figure 10: Bulk density pr<strong>of</strong>iles before <strong>and</strong> after tractor wheel passage Figure 11: Schematic drawing <strong>of</strong> the effect <strong>of</strong> tillage practices on soils Figure 12: <strong>Soil</strong> Sampling Methods for Orchards Figure 13: X-pattern sampling method Figure 14: Schematic drawing <strong>of</strong> the action <strong>of</strong> rotary cultivation Figure 15: Rotary Spade Figure 16: Power Harrow Figure 17: Schematic drawing comparing the effect <strong>of</strong> shovel <strong>and</strong> chisel cultivation on soils Figure 18: Schematic drawing <strong>of</strong> the action <strong>of</strong> disc implements Figure 19: Schematic drawing <strong>of</strong> the effect <strong>of</strong> plowing on soils Figure 20: Cross-section showing soil disturbance caused by subsoilers working just above <strong>and</strong> just below the critical depth Figure 21: Conservation Tillage – A Systems Approach 87 - x - Page 33 34 35 38 39 39 42 42 43 43 44 46 47 65 66 66 67 67 68 69