Contributor, The Textile Industry and the Environment, UNEP
Contributor, The Textile Industry and the Environment, UNEP
Contributor, The Textile Industry and the Environment, UNEP
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GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS<br />
Accelerators: Chemicals used to increase colour development in textile dyeing operations or to promote<br />
cross-linking between two chemicals on a fibre or between a chemical <strong>and</strong> a fibre.<br />
Acetate: A manufactured fibre made from cellulose.<br />
Acetic Acid: A weak acid used in wool, nylon, polyester, etc. dyeing. Can be replaced normally by<br />
ammonium sulphate.<br />
Acid Dye: A type of dye commonly used to colour wool <strong>and</strong> nylon but may be used on o<strong>the</strong>r fibres.<br />
Acrylic: A manufactured fibre in which <strong>the</strong> fibre forming substance is any long-chain synlhetic polymer<br />
composed of at least 85070 by weight acrylonitrile units. Made in both filament <strong>and</strong> staple form.<br />
Adsorption: <strong>The</strong> adhesion of an extremely thin layer of molecules lo <strong>the</strong> surfaces of solids or liquids<br />
with which. <strong>the</strong>y are in contact.<br />
Aerobic: A biological process active only in <strong>the</strong> presence of oxygen.<br />
Ageing: Use of heat, acid or some o<strong>the</strong>r means to age a fabric.<br />
Anaerobic: A biological process active only in <strong>the</strong> absence of free oxygen.<br />
Azoic: A type of dye used to colour cotton, rayon, polyester <strong>and</strong> cotlon/polyester blends but not<br />
commonly used.<br />
Basic Dye: Also known as a cationic dye. Used to colour syn<strong>the</strong>tic fibre or coHan/polyester blends.<br />
Beam: Any of a series of machines for dyeing which use a perforated beam through which <strong>the</strong> dye<br />
bath is circulated.<br />
Beck: Any of a series of machines for scouring (cleaning), dyeing, etc., goods while in <strong>the</strong> form of<br />
rope or continuous belt. A roller gradually moves <strong>the</strong> cloth through <strong>the</strong> bath in a slack condition.<br />
Bleaching: <strong>The</strong> treatment of textile fibres, yarn or cloth to destroy <strong>the</strong> natural colouring matter <strong>and</strong><br />
leave <strong>the</strong> material white. Hydrogen peroxide is a widely used bleaching agent.<br />
Blend: <strong>The</strong> combination of two or more types of fibres <strong>and</strong>/or colours in one yarn.<br />
Blow down: Periodic or continuous draw-off of a mixture from a system to prevent build-up of<br />
conta minants.<br />
BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Dem<strong>and</strong>. A method of measuring <strong>the</strong> ratc of oxygen usage due to biological<br />
oxidation. BODs of 1000 mg/litre means that a sample (I litre) is capable of consuming<br />
1000 mg of oxygen in 5 days.<br />
BTU: British <strong>The</strong>rmal Unit. <strong>The</strong> amount of heat required to increase <strong>the</strong> temperature of I pound<br />
of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.<br />
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