Source: Landcare Research (1964). Control of poisons. Royal ...

1080 Reassessment Application October 2006
Appendix C
where rapid destocking of land is required; in order to retain toxicity for the maximum length of time, RS5
pellets should be used in arid areas and the more water-resistant Wanganui no 7 pellets in wetter
environments. If rapid return of stock to land is required, RS5 pellets should be used; bait type is a more
important determinant of 1080 persistence than initial concentration.
Bowman, R. G. (1999). Fate of sodium monofluroacetate (1080) following disposal of pest bait to a
landfill. New Zealand journal of ecology 23, 193-197.
Keywords: persistence in water/persistence in soil/1080/baits
Abstract: The results of a programme to monitor the containment and natural breakdown of approximately
12 000 kg of toxic vertebrate pest bait, containing compound 1080 (sodium monofluroacetate), in a landfill
site are reported. The baits were buried in a purpose-dug pit in a managed solid waste disposal site at
Winton in central Southland, New Zealand, in August 1996. Compound 1080 is used extensively in a bait
form to control a range of introduced vertebrate pests, (e.g., European rabbit, Australian brush tailed
possum), which cause considerable economic and environmental damage in New Zealand. Two shallow
monitor bores, sited 5 and 13 m from the disposal pit, were sampled weekly for five weeks and thereafter
monthly for 13 months. Analyses detected 1080 in 5 of the 28 groundwater/leachate samples. The 1080
concentrations in those samples, except for one result, were low. These were either below or close to the
Ministry of Health provisional maximum acceptable value standards (PMAV) for drinking water, currently
0.005 mu g ml(-1). The concentrations of 1080 in groundwater in the more distant bore (13 m) were
markedly lower than those in the nearer bore (5 m). 1080 was first detected in the near bore after 5 weeks
and the more distant bore after 16 weeks. The level and frequency of incidence of 1080 in both holes
decreased over the sampling period until none was detected after 10 months. In situ sampling of the
residual waste material indicated the 1080 concentration in the disposal pit decreased to less than 10% of its
original level in 12 months. The active anaerobic bacterial processes operating in the organic refuse pile
appear to provide an ideal environment for the rapid natural breakdown of 1080. The findings will assist
with the setting of conditions for resource consents concerning the disposal of materials containing 1080 in
landfill sites.
Bowman, R. H. (1964). Inhibition of citrate metabolism by sodium fluoroacetate in the perfused rat heart
and the effect on phosphofructokinase activity and glucose utilisation. Biochemical journal 93, 13c-15c.
Keywords: inhibition/citrate/metabolism/sodium fluoroacetate/fluoroacetate/heart
Abstract: The results do show that the concentration of ATP was considerably decreased in hearts from
animals treated with fluoroacetate, but it is not known whether these depressed ATP concentrations are
below that required for adequate hexokinase activity in the heart.
Brady, R. O. (1955). Fluoroacetyl coenzyme A. Journal of biological chemistry 217, 213-224.
Keywords: fluoroacetate/poison/fluorocitrate
Abstract: The increasing biochemical importance of reactions mediated by thiol esters of coenzyme A 1
leads to an interest in the possible metabolic activity of substituted derivatives of CoASH. Of particular
interest is monofluoroacetyl coenzyme A, since fluoroacetate is a potent lethal poison. A partial
explanation of the toxicity of fluoroacetate has come from the work of Liébecq and Peters (3) and Martius
(4). Peters and collaborators (5) have elegantly demonstrated the formation of fluorocitrate which is a
potent inhibitor of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by virtue of its competitive inhibition of the enzyme
aconitase (6). The formation of fluorocitrate is presumed to be due to the activation of fluoroacetate to Facetyl
SCoA, which is subsequently condensed with oxalacetate in the presence of the condensing enzyme
described by Ochoa, Stern, and Schneider (7).
The preparation and properties of F-acetyl SCoA and its reactivity in various enzyme systems are
described. Evidence for a fluoroacetate activating system different from that for acetate is reported.
Brand, M. D., Evans, S. M., Mendes-Mourão, J., and happell, J. B. (1973). Fluorocitrate inhibition of
Aconitate hydratase and the tricarboxylate carrier of rat liver mitochondria. Biochemical journal 134, 217-
224.
Keywords: fluorocitrate/inhibition/liver
Abstract: 1. The effect of biologically synthesized and purified fluorocitrate on the metabolism of
tricarboxylate anions by isolated rat liver mitochondria was investigated, in relation to the claim by Eanes
et al. (1972) that this fluoro compound inhibits the tricarboxylate carrier at concentrations at which it has
20