Source: Landcare Research (1964). Control of poisons. Royal ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1080 Reassessment Application October 2006 Appendix C gcal/cm min of white light gave a rate of respiration 11-fold greater than in darkness. Feeding 14CO2 or 14C-labelled acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in darkness for 2 h labelled the mitochondrial pools of cycle intermediates. 82% inhibition of apparent photosynthesis with 0.1mM 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1dimethyl-urea largely prevented internally derived 14CO2 fixation and under these conditions 14CO2 evolution continued in the light at a similar rate to that in darkness, showing that light-induced nonphotosynthetic processes have no significant effect on endogenous dark respiration. The effect of malonate and fluoroacetate as inhibitors of the tricarboxylic acid cycle suggested that the cycle functions in the light at a rate similar to that in darkness except for a short initial inhibition Chaurasia, S. C. (1981). Efficacy of certain metabolic inhibitors against Phytophthora parastica var. piperina causing foot-rot and leaf-rot diseases of pan. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology 11, 155-156. Keywords: inhibition/fungus/sodium fluoroacetate/fluoroacetate/fluoride Abstract: Sodium fluoroacetate was comparatively less toxic to the growth of the pathogen than other fluoride compounds tested. Cheng, S.-C., Kumar, S., and Casella, G. A. (1972). Effects of fluoroacetate and fluorocitrate on the metabolic compartmentation of tricarboxylic acid cycle in rat brain slices. Brain research 42, 117-128. Keywords: mode of action/metabolism/Krebs cycle/brain Abstract: (1) The effects of fluoroacetate and fluorocitrate in striatum slices of the rat brain were studied after metabolizing 3 different labeled substrates in the presence of glucose. The concentration of citrate increased under the influence of these inhibitors; those of glutamine decreased and those of (-aminobutyrate increased only in the presence of fluorocitrate. These inhibitors did not affect acetylcholine synthesis. (2) The effect of these fluoroinhibitors on the labeling of intermediates was rather complicated. The specific radioactivity of various metabolites changed differently according to both the labeled substrate and the inhibitor. The effects of these fluoroinhibitors on the specific radioactivity ratios or citrate/acetylcholine, glutamine/glutamate, (-aminobutyrate/glutamine, and aspartate/glutamate were also discussed in the text. These changes in specific radioactivities and their rations were explained using a model with 3 metabolic compartments. The compartments were characterized by labeled substrate utilization and glutamate-glutamine pool sizes. Pyruvate entered primarily the large compartment with a large glutamate pool, and acetate and citrate each entered primarily a different small compartment with small glutamate pools. In addition, these changes suggested that fluoroacetate and fluorocitrate did not have completely similar effects. Chengxin, W. and Zhi, D. Rodent control in China. Dubock, A. C. 521-531. 1984. England, ICI Plant Protection Division, Fernhurst, Haslemere Surrey England. Proceedings of a Conference on the Organisation and Practice of Vertebrate Pest Control. 30 August- 3 September 1982. Elvetham Hall Hampshire England. 30-8-0082. Ref Type: Conference Proceeding Keywords: zinc phosphide/diphacinone/difenacoum/brodifacoum/lethal dose/sodium fluoroacetate/1080/fluoroacetamide/strychnine/chlorophacinone Chenoweth, M. B. and Gilman, A. (1946). Studies on the pharmacology of fluoroacetate I. Species response to fluoroacetate. Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 87, 90-103. Keywords: mode of action/metabolism/mammals/fluoroacetate/acute toxicity/symptoms Chenoweth, M. B. and Gilman, A. (1946). Pharmacology of fluoroacetate. Federation proceedings 5, 171. Keywords: acute toxicity/fluoroacetate Chenoweth, M. B. and St.John, E. F. (1947). Studies on the pharmacology of fluoroacetate III. Effects on the central nervous systems of dogs and rabbits. Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 90, 76-82. Keywords: fluoroacetate/dogs/rabbits/welfare/symptoms/brain Abstract: Spike and dome waves of high voltage occurring at a 3 per second rate have been produced in the EEG of curarized dogs by the administartion of fluoroacetic acid. Six of 8 dogs receving intravenous injection of 0.05 to 1.0 mg/kg of fluroacetate (sodium salt or methyl ester) developed cerebral dysrythmias 32
1080 Reassessment Application October 2006 Appendix C strongly resembling clinical grand mal and petit mal seizures. Fourteen of 16 dogs receving intracranial injections of fluroacetate (sodium salt or methyl ester) of 41 to 250 per cent of the LD50 developed similar dysrythmias. No definite relation was found between the use or dosage of water or lipoid soluble fluoroacetates, the sex, age or size of the dog and the occurrence of the petit mal type dysrythmias. The grand mal seizures were produced more frequently with larger doses. Rabbits, a species which can not be convulsed by the intravenous injection of fluoroacetate in any dosage, convulse when very small doses (40 and 80 per cent of the intravenous LD50) are injected intracranially. Chenoweth, M. B. and Gilman, A. (1947). Studies on the pharmacology of fluoroacetate II. Action on the heart. Bulletin of the U.S.Army Medical Department 7, 687-706. Keywords: fluoroacetate/heart/lethal dose/muscle/rabbits/herbivores/carnivores/mode of action Abstract: The circulatory changes produced in rabbit, pig, goat, horse and rhesus and spider monkeys by lethal doses of fluoroacetate were examined, and it is concluded that they result from the action of the drug on the heart. The actions of fluoroacetate on the heart are twofold; (1) depression of the excitation and conduction systems and the development of myocardial foci of excitation and (2) the depression of the muscular system. The characteristic response to these actions varies between species. The most significant differences among species were (1) the absence of any effect upon auricular activity or auricoloventricular conduction and a tendency towards various forms of alternation which characterized the rabbit and the monkey (2) the minimum of ectopic rhythyms and alternation which characterized the cat (3) the absence of acute changes and the delayed development of idioventricular bradycardia which characterized the rat. Ventricular fibrillation is the cause of death in these species and is preceeded by numerous electrocardiographic changes, such as heterotopic rhythyms, S-T changes resembling coronary disease, AV and intraventricular conduction blocks and unrelated degrees of electrical and mechanical pulsus alternans. The action of fluoroacetate is considered to be on a specific metabolic system unevenly distributed throughout these species and on which the hearts of these species are dependent to a varying degree, or which is varyingly sensitive to fluoroacetate. Chenoweth, M. B. (1949). Monofluoroacetic acid and related compounds. Pharmacological reviews 1, 383- 424. Keywords: mode of action/acute toxicity/metabolism Abstract: Conversion of a metabolic intermediate into a very highly toxic compound by the introduction of a single fluorine atom in a strategic position in the molecule has been described for a number of compounds. It appears to be a useful method for producing agents with which the metabolic pathways can be differentiated in a large number of species with a minimum of effort, for it is evident that these agents act by virtue of their close resemblance to natural metabolites. As an example, the variation among species in response to monofluoroacetic acid has ben related to certain definite differences in metabolism in the species studied. Chenoweth, M. B., Kandel, A., Johnson, L. B., and Bennett, D. R. (1951). Factors influencing fluoroacetate poisoning : practical treatment with glycerol monoacetate. Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 102, 31-49. Keywords: diagnosis/treatment/acute toxicity/pathology/sodium fluoroacetate/rabbits Abstract: 1. The ability of various chemical substances to prevent or reverse the toxic effects of sodium fluoroacetate has been studied in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and rhesus monkeys (Macacca mulatta). 2. Commercially available monoacetin containing about 60 per cent glycerol monoacetate has been found to be superior to any other substance yet tested for general use against fluoroacetate poisoning. Certain characteristics of its action have been described. 3. Various factors such as water and electrolyte imbalance have been assigned distinct, but minor roles in the development of the phenomena of fluoroacetate poisoining. 4. The ability of fluoroacetate to potentiate the depressant action of barbiturates has been observed and the autoprotective effect in rats has been further clarified. 5. An outline has been presented, based upon experiments with monkeys, which may be helpful for the guidance of those treating human fluoroacetate poisoning. Chenoweth, M. B. Fluoroacetate: still a portal to comparative toxicology. Unknown , 1074. 1970. Ref Type: Abstract Keywords: fluoroacetate 33
Page 1 and 2: 1080 Reassessment Application Octob
Page 31: 1080 Reassessment Application Octob
Page 83 and 84:
1080 Reassessment Application Octob
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
show all

Source: Landcare Research (1964). Control of poisons. Royal ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?