Source: Landcare Research (1964). Control of poisons. Royal ...

1080 Reassessment Application October 2006
Appendix C
Butcher, A. D. The effect on fauna of poisons used in vermin control. Wildlife Contribution No 5. 1964.
Victoria, Fisheries and Wildlife Department.
Ref Type: Conference Proceeding
Keywords: poisons/poison
Byrd, G. V., McClellan, G. T., and Fuller, J. P. To determine the efficacy of and environmental hazards of
compound 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) as a control agent for Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) on Kiska Island,
Aleutian islands unit. Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. Unpublished final progress report by
AIU-AMNWR, 22pp. 1988.
Ref Type: Unpublished Work
Keywords: efficacy/1080/sodium fluoroacetate/fluoroacetate/foxes/lethal dose/baits/non-target
species/birds
Abstract: A single experimental application of Compound 1080 was used to assess the efficacy and hazards
associated with efforts to eradicate introduced Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) on Kiska Island, Alaska.
Results from feeding trials showed that 4 mg of 1080 in beef tallow and bees wax pellets was an adequate
lethal dose for Arctic foxes. In March and June of 1986, nearly 50,000 single-dose baits were distributed
along the coastal areas of Kiska Island. Most foxes on Kiska were killed following the first application in
March 1986, but at least one remained until June 1988. There was no evidence of mortality to non-target
species like Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) or Common ravens (Corvus corax); however at least
two Glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) were killed, probably by directly ingesting bait. It appears
the use of Compound 1080 to remove introduced Artic foxes on Kiska Island has been successful. Several
species of island nesting birds appear to exhibit signs (by 1988) of population increase associated with fox
eradication. With the eradication of Artic foxes on Kiska Island, the potential for this insular ecosystem to
sustain former numbers of ground nesting birds has been restored.
Cai, J., Luo, H., Guo, C., Cai, J. S., Luo, H. M., and Guo, C. K. (1997). Study on the clinical features of
fluoroacetamide and sodium fluoroacetate poisoning cases. Zhongguo Meijieshengwuxue ji Kongzhi Zazhi
= Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control 8 , 251-254.
Keywords: fluoroacetamide/sodium
fluoroacetate/fluoroacetate/poisoning/symptoms/birds/mammals/humans
Abstract: The symptoms of cases of fluoroacetamide and sodium fluoroacetate poisoning, which happened
in Jinli town, Gaoyao City, Guangdong, China between June and November 1995 are described. The onset
of poisoning in wild birds and mammals was rapid. Symptoms included vomiting and neurological
symptoms. Mortality was high. Symptoms in poisoned humans included dizziness, headache, nausea,
vomiting and tics
Cai, X. L., Zhang, D. M., Ju, H. X., Wu, G. P., and Liu, X. P. (2004). Fast detection of fluoroacetamide in
body fluid using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after solid-phase microextraction. Journal of
Chromagraphy B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 802, 239-245.
Keywords: fluoroacetamide/fluorine/blood/urine/analysis
Abstract: A novel method for fast determination of fluoroacetamide, a kind of organic fluorine pesticide, in
blood and urine samples was developed with acetamide as an internal standard using gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique. The
SPME was performed by immersing a PDMS fiber of 100 mum coating thickness in a sample solution for
25 min at 70degreesC with (CH3CH2)(4)NBr to improve the extraction efficiency. After a GC sample
injection, the extracted fluoroacetamide was desorbed from the fiber for 4 min to perform the GC/MS
detection with a HP-PLOT Q capillary column. The analytical conditions were optimized by examining
systematically, the effects of experimental parameters on the ratio of characteristic ion peak areas of
fluoroacetamide to acetamide. Under optimal conditions, the ratio was proportional to the concentration of
fluoroacetamide ranging from 5.0 to 90 mug/ml with a detection limit of 1.0 mug/ml. The average recovery
of fluoroacetamide in blood sample was 92.2%. The established method could be used for the fast and
convenient measurement of fluoroacetamide in poisoned sample.
Caithness, T. A. and Williams, G. R. (1971). Protecting birds from poisoned baits. New Zealand journal of
agriculture 122(6), 38-43.
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