Source: Landcare Research (1964). Control of poisons. Royal ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1080 Reassessment Application October 2006 Appendix C mg/kg and LD100 between 15.0 and 18.0 mg/kg. Laying hens appeared to be more susceptible to 1080 poisoning than hens that were not laying. Chickens are considerably more resistant to 1080 poisoning than are many of the small mammals. Cox, R. B. and Zatman, L. J (1972). The effect of fluoroacetate on the growth of the facultative methylotrophs bacerium 5H2, Pseudomonas AMI and bacterium 5B1. Society for General Microbiology: Proceedings 6. Keywords: bacteria/fluoroacetate/inhibition/toxicity Crawford, M. A. (1963). The effects of fluoroacetate, malonate and acid-based balance on the renal disposal of citrate. Biochemical journal 88, 115-120. Keywords: metabolism/fluoroacetate/citrate/excretion/urine/biochemistry Curry, D. Model permit conditions for the use of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080). 1995. Wellington, Ministry of Health. Ref Type: Pamphlet Keywords: sodium monofluoroacetate/monofluoroacetate/1080 Dalrymple, B. P. and McSweeney, C. S. (1998). Manipulation of rumen function by the inoculation of novel microorganisms. Outlook on Agriculture 27, 107-113. Keywords: toxicity/poisons/poison/fluoroacetate/bacteria/GMO Abstract: Some recent developments in the area of utilizing ruminal microorganisms for the modification and improvement of productivity in ruminants are described. The inoculants, designed for establishment in the new domestic ruminant host, have specific, superior or modified activities, but currently have a restricted geographical or species distribution. Current work has focused on three novel or augmented activities, namely: reducing the toxicity of particular plant poisons, increasing the utilization of plant fibre and the modification of protein supply. The most successful projects so far have tackled the detoxification of the plant poisons, mimosine and fluoroacetate, but projects aimed at increasing the utilization of plant fibre are now well advanced. Molecular techniques have significantly assisted in the identification, differentiation and tracking of organisms and are essential for the construction of modified organisms Daniel, M. J. (1962). Control of introduced deer in New Zealand. Nature 194, 527-528. Keywords: deer/1080/persistence in animals/efficacy/field efficacy Daniel, M. J. Early trials with sodium monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080) for the control of introduced deer in New Zealand. Technical Paper No. 51, O.D.C. 414.11, -27. 1966. Wellington, Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Forest Service. Ref Type: Report Keywords: sodium monofluoroacetate/monofluoroacetate/1080/deer/lethal dose/birds/non-target species/symptoms/welfare Abstract: More than 100 baiting and poison trials using sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080) carried out by the New Zealand Forest Service from 1957 to 1961 on fallow, red and sika deer, are described in some detail. Toxicity ratings varied from 1/4 lb to 1 lb (0.11 - 0.45 kg) of 1080 per 1,000 lb (454 kg) of chopped carrot bait, apparently the bait most favoured by these species of deer. If the LD50 for deer is similar to that for sheep (0.45 mg per 1 kg of body weight) a lethal dose for a 11lb (50 kg) deer would be contained in some 1.5 oz (40 g) of toxic carrot at the toxicity levels used. Some deer in the trials consumed more than 4 lb (1.8 kg) of toxic carrot, which would have contained well over 30 lethal doses. More than 500 deer were poisoned on grassy river flats and at least 40 in Nothofagus forest edges. The danger to native and exotic birds does not appear to be nearly as great as was anticipated. These trials indicate that large concentrations of deer on open clearings and in forest edges can be effectively reduced by the use of 1080 in carrot bait. It appears unlikely at this stage, however, that this technqiue will supersede hunting as an econmic method of deer control in most of New Zealand's 14,000,000ac (5,700,000 ha) of indigenous watershed-protection and production forests, or in the 1,000,000 ac (405, 000 ha) of exotic production forests. 40
1080 Reassessment Application October 2006 Appendix C David, W. A. L. (1950). Sodium fluoroacetate as a systemic and contact insecticide. Nature 165, 493-494. Keywords: acute toxicity/persistence in plants/invertebrates/sodium fluoroacetate/fluoroacetate David, W. A. L. and Gardiner, B. O. C. (1951). Investigations on the systemic insecticidal action of sodium fluoroacetate and of three phosphorus compounds on Aphis fabae Scop. Annals of applied biology 91-110. Keywords: acute toxicity/invertebrates/persistence in plants/sodium fluoroacetate/fluoroacetate/systemic toxicity/persistence in soil Abstract: The general insecticidal properties of bis (bis-dimethylamino phosphonus) anhydride, bis (dimethylamino) fluorophosphine oxide, diethyl paranitro-phenyl phospahte (E600) and sodium fluoroacetate are described. All are toxic to aphids when infested planst are dipped in solutions. Although this is thought to be a contact action the possibility that the materials are first absorbed by the leaves and that the aphids are killed by imbibing toxic sap is not excluded. At the lowest concentrations giving a complete kill of aphids, the anhydride is the most persistently effective of the four compounds. E600 is the most phytotoxic compound. When applied to the roots the order of decreasing toxicity of acetate>oxide>anhydride>E600 in sand and soil, and acetate>oxide>anhydride=E600 in culture solution. The anhydride and acetate are more persistent in the plants than the oxide and E600. The amrgin of safety between insecticidal dosage and phyocidal dosage is appreciably larger with the acetate than with the other three compounds. When equal dosages are administered to plants by the cut tap root technique the order of decreasing toxicity to aphids is seen to be acetate>oxide>E600>anhydride. All compounds, except possibly E600 appear to be absorbed by the intact roots of the plants. Systemic insecticidal action following application made to leaves of the broad bean is easy to demonstrate with the acetate, demionstrable with difficulty with the anhydride and not at all with E600 and the oxide. Sodium fluoroacetate is an extremely effective systemic insecticide whether applied to the leaves or the roots of the broad bean. It is apparently not phytotoxic at several times the concentration necessary for insecticidal action but may prove to be too generally toxic or persistent for practical use. David, W. A. L. and Gardiner, B. O. C. (1953). The systemic insecticidal action of sodium fluoroacetate and of three phosphorus compounds on the eggs and larvae of Pieris brassicae L. Annals of applied biology 40, 403-417. Keywords: acute toxicity/invertebrates/persistence in plants/sodium fluoroacetate/fluoroacetate/systemic toxicity David, W. A. L. and Gardiner, B. O. C. (1954). The systemic insecticidal action of certain compounds of fluorine and of phosphorus on Phaedon cochleariae Fab. Annals of applied biology 41, 261-270. Keywords: acute toxicity/invertebrates/persistence in plants/fluorine/systemic toxicity David, W. A. L. and Gardiner, B. O. C. (1958). Fluoroacetamide as a systemic insectide. Nature 181 , 1810. Keywords: fluoroacetamide/efficacy/invertebrates/systemic toxicity David, W. A. L. and Gardiner, B. O. C. (1966). Persistence of fluoroacetate and fluoroacetamide in soil. Nature 209, 1367-1368. Keywords: persistence in soil/fluoroacetate/fluoroacetamide/soil De Meyer, R. and De Plaen, J. (1964). An approach to the biochemical study of teratogenic substances on isolated rat embryo. Life sciences 3, 709-713. Keywords: regulatory toxicology/mammals/rodents/teratogenicity/sodium fluoroacetate/developmental toxicity/reproductive effects Abstract: The genesis of congenital malformations, especially those induced by drugs, has long been a clinical enigma. In the rat, we have been able to demonstrate the teratogenic activity of three substances, all of which can specifically affect carbohydrate metabolism. Carbutamide, administered by stomach tube at a dose of 500 mg/day on the 9th and 10th days of pregnancy, induces cleft palate and microphthalmia or anophthalmia in nearly 100% of the embryos. The intramuscular injection of 2-deoxyglucose at a dose of 120 mg/day during the 9th and 10th day of pregnancy produces resorption in 17 out of 54 foetuses and foetal anomalies, such as cleft palate or forelimb anomalies in 17 out of those surviving. Sodium 41
Page 1 and 2: 1080 Reassessment Application Octob
Page 39: 1080 Reassessment Application Octob
Page 91 and 92:
1080 Reassessment Application Octob
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
show all

Source: Landcare Research (1964). Control of poisons. Royal ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?