Source: Landcare Research (1964). Control of poisons. Royal ...

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1080 Reassessment Application October 2006 Appendix C persistent in livestock receiving a sub-lethal dose. Cholecalciferol and gliftor are effective and have a number of positive attributes. any alternative toxin will need to be subjected to the same scrutiny that 1080 has received for its environmental fate and impact on non-target species. In the future, greater effort will need to be expended in discussing the risk versus benefit of possum control using 1080 or alternative technologies with a wide range of interest groups, as well as with those directly involved with or affected by pest control. Eason, C. T., Gooneratne, R., Fitzgerald, H., Wright, G., and Frampton, C. (1994). Persistence of sodium monofluoroacetate in livestock animals and risk to humans. Human and experimental toxicology 13, 119- 122. Keywords: persistence in animals/non-target species/occupational exposure/metabolism/1080/secondary poisoning/sodium monofluoroacetate/kidney/livestock/humans/goats/poisoning/blood/muscle/liver/plasma Abstract: 1 Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080), a vertebrate pesticide widely used in New Zealand, was administered orally to sheep and goats at a dose level of 0.1 mg kg(-1) body weight to assess risk to humans of secondary poisoning from meat. Blood, muscle, liver, and kidney were analysed for 1080 residues. 2 The plasma elimination half-life was 10.8 h in sheep and 5.4 h in goats, Concentrations of 1080 in muscle (0.042 mu g g(-1)), kidney (0.057 mu g g(-1)), and liver (0.021 mu g g(-1)) were substantially lower than those in plasma (0.098 mu g ml(-1)) at 2.5 h after dosing. 3 Only traces of 1080 (
1080 Reassessment Application October 2006 Appendix C Public concern about contamination of the waterways has focused our research on the persistence of 1080 in aquatic ecosystems. This paper concludes that significant contamination of waterways with 1080 or fluoride after possum or rabbit control is unlikely, nevertheless further monitoring of water and labotatory studies are planned. We will continue to address concerns regarding 1080 and potential risk to humans from contaminated water. Eason, C. T., Henderson, R. J., Frampton, C. M., and Thomas, M. D. (1994). Alternatives to 1080 for possums (September 1993 to July 1994). (Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research: Christchurch.) Keywords: possums/acute toxicity/1080/brodifacoum Abstract: Objectives: To generate data on new toxins to support their registration and use by farmers for possum control: to determine the effectiveness of gliftor, cholecalciferol, brodifacoum and pindone; to conduct limited research on back-up compounds. Conclusions: Cholecalciferol and gliftor continue to show promise as alternatives to 1080; brodifacoum and pindone can significantly reduce possum populations, but relatively large amounts of bait are needed; cholecalciferol combined with an anticoagulant such as broadifacoum in a cereal bait may improve cost effectiveness. Eason, C. T. (1995). Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) : an update on recent environmental toxicology data and community concerns. In 'Proceedings of the 10th Australian Vertebrate Pest Control conference, Hobart, Tasmania - May 1995'. pp. 39-43. (Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries: Kings Meadows,Tasmania.) Keywords: field efficacy/non-target species/persistence in animals/persistence in plants/persistence in soil/persistence in water/occupational exposure/1080/possums Abstract: Effective and publicly acceptable pest control requires the fulfilment of three essential prerequisites: i) data on effectiveness ii)data on environmental toxicology and non-target impacts iii)community involvement or acceptance This paper explores the extent to which current use of sodium mono fluoroacetate (1080) in New Zealand meets these prerequisites and suggests where we need to focus more effort in the future. Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) was patented as a rodenticide in the USA in the late 1930s and has been used in New Zealand since 1954 to control introduced animal pests. particularly possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Possums cause damage to native and exotic forests and spread bovine tuberculosis (Tb) to cattle (Cowan 1991). Over the last 20 years, an extensive database on the effectiveness of killing possums has been collected and some data on environmental toxicology and non-target impacts have been gathered (Seawright and Eason 1994). Despite assurances from the scientific community that the benefits of 1080 use far outweigh the risks, the level of public antagonism to 1080 has become more widespread. This suggests that the scientific community and wildlife managers are not adequately meeting the three essential prerequisites. Eason, C. T., Warburton, B., and Gregory, N. (1995). Assessment of the humaneness of toxins used for possum control in New Zealand. (Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research: Lincoln.) Keywords: welfare/possums/acute toxicity/brodifacoum Abstract: Objectives: To review the need for toxins in possum control: to determine the effectiveness of gliftor, cholecalciferol, brodifacoum and pindone; to review the humaneness of the toxins currently used for possum control in New Zealand. Conclusions: Although the mode of action of these toxins is well understood and the clinical signs in a range of species have been recorded, good comparative data on the relative humaneness of existing toxins are not available for the possum. Eason, C. T., Wright, G. R., Meikle, L., and Elder, P. (1996). The persistence and secondary poisoning risks of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080), brodifacoum, and cholecalciferol in possums. Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference 17, 54-58. Keywords: secondary poisoning/non-target species/persistence in animals/metabolism/1080/brodifacoum/possums/cats Abstract: To determine the risk of secondary poisoning for animals preying on sub-lethally poisoned brushtail possums, captive possums were treated with near-lethal doses of sodium monofluoroacetate 51
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Source: Landcare Research (1964). Control of poisons. Royal ...

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