ScienceMakers Toolkit Manual - The History Makers

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Life Science Experiment - Reducing Risk This experiment was taken from Science And Life Issues, published by Lab-Aids, Inc. How do you prevent yourself from catching an infectious disease? You know that your immune system provides you with natural defenses, but sometimes your immune system becomes overwhelmed by disease-causing microbes and you get sick. One way to reduce your risk of getting sick is by taking simple precautions, such as washing your hands before you eat. You may even use antimicrobial solutions, such as an antibacterial soap or a disinfectant, when you clean up. How effective are these products at killing germs? You can measure the effect of different solutions on the growth of microbes. You can culture, or grow, microbes in a special dish known as a petri dish. <strong>The</strong> petri dish contains food for the organisms you are trying to culture. In classrooms, the most commonly used food is agar, a gelatin-like material that was fi rst invented by Robert Koch. If bacteria are present, many of them will grow on the agar. It is also possible for molds and algae to grow on agar. Materials 74 • For the class - Permanent marker(s) - Tape • For each pair of students - 1 Sterile petri dish containing agar - 1 Sterile cotton swab - Source of bacteria - Solution(s) such as soap, disinfectant, preservative, etc. - 4-5 Paper disks (punched from fi lter paper or brown paper towel) - 1 Pair of forceps - 1 Pencil - 1 Metric ruler - Paper towel Procedure 1. Use a permanent marker to put your name and class period on the bottom of your petri dish. 2. Dip your swab in the source of bacteria provided by your teacher. 3. Remove the lid of the petri dish. Use the swab to streak the bacteria onto agar. Press fi rmly but not too hard. Your goal is to spread the bacteria but not to break up the agar layer. Turn the dish 90 degrees and repeat. 4. Use a pencil to write the initial of the solution you are testing on a disk of fi lter paper (or brown paper towel). 5. Use your forceps to dip the disk in the solution. To remove excess solution, touch the edge of the disk to a clean paper towel. 6. Place the disk on the agar of your Petri dish and re-cover the dish. 7. Repeat Steps 3-6 for each solution you are testing. Be sure to leave at least 1.5 cm between the paper disks. Tape around the dish to seal it. 8. Place your Petri dish in a warm place for a few days. 9. Check the growth of microbes in the dish each day. Record if the growth of microbes has stopped in the area around the disk. If so, use a ruler to measure this space, known as the zone of inhibition. 10. Examine the control dishes set up by your teacher. Record your observations.
Analysis 1. Did the solution(s) affect the growth of bacteria on your petri dish? Explain. Be sure to compare your results to the control and to describe your evidence. 2. Share your results with the class. a. Did everyone who tested the same solution get the same results? Explain. b. How effective were the different solutions in preventing microbial growth? c. How might you follow up on this investigation or improve the design of this investigation? 3. Refl ection: Have the results of your experiment caused you to want to change any of your behavior (such as what solutions you use to wash your hands or household surfaces)? Why or why not? SEPUP. (2005). Science and Life Issues. Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California at Berkeley. Published by Lab-Aids, Inc., Ronkonkoma, NY. 75 Life Science
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ScienceMakers DVD Toolkit Table of
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Index of Experiments by Scientific
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convenience. The DVD itself contain
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After his time in the Army ended, A
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After you’ve had a successful lau
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ScienceMakers Spotlight: Ralph Gard
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10. Dr. Gardner-Chavis talks about
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Ralph Gardner-Chavis - Video Clip T
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getting on and off per second. So t
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Washington, D.C., in 1964. Lester d
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15. Dr. Lester talks about close-co
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Page 25 and 26: same kinds of equations arise also
Page 27 and 28: Massie attended Iowa State Universi
Page 29 and 30: Experiment - Floating Soap Bubbles
Page 31 and 32: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Isiah M. W
Page 33 and 34: Science: 8. What do you think a che
Page 35 and 36: Clip 3 - Infl uential Teachers: I g
Page 37 and 38: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Bobby L. W
Page 39 and 40: 8. What did Dr. Wilson plan to stud
Page 41 and 42: So I had been turned off by sicknes
Page 43 and 44: Center, an organization designed to
Page 45 and 46: What do I do? 1. Fill the pan with
Page 47 and 48: Clip 5 - The U.S. Geological Survey
Page 49 and 50: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Warren M.
Page 51 and 52: 7. Dr. Washington talks about a fav
Page 53 and 54: same way when you blow into the Win
Page 55 and 56: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Joanne Ber
Page 57 and 58: 12. Dr. Berger-Sweeney tries to dis
Page 59 and 60: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Wayne Bowe
Page 61 and 62: Additional Resources There is an ex
Page 63 and 64: ScienceMakers Spotlight: James Bowm
Page 65 and 66: 10. Dr. Bowman joined the faculty o
Page 67 and 68: 11. Label your chromosomes with the
Page 69 and 70: 8. Fertilize the egg and sperm by c
Page 71 and 72: so we thought we could make it. So
Page 73: Cooper’s research on invertebrate
Page 77 and 78: Counter also had a very active care
Page 79 and 80: Experiment - Mapping the Homonculus
Page 81 and 82: Concept Application In the applicat
Page 83 and 84: Clip 5 - Using MRI for Research: I
Page 85 and 86: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Shelia Gri
Page 87 and 88: 10. Why is it important to perform
Page 89 and 90: Small Intestine - Remove the small
Page 91 and 92: Clip 4 - Importance of Work: Well,
Page 93 and 94: Computational Biology and the Devel
Page 95 and 96: Experiment - Can You Feel The Diffe
Page 97 and 98: in the Graduate School of Arts and
Page 99 and 100: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Shawna Nes
Page 101 and 102: 10. Dr. Nesbitt conducted a LIFE st
Page 103 and 104: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Roderic Pe
Page 105 and 106: 10. Dr. Pettigrew specializes in no
Page 107 and 108: ScienceMakers Spotlight: Cecil Pick
Page 109 and 110: 10. Dr. Pickett continued his resea
Page 111 and 112: a. Add 1 drop of sodium hydroxide t
Page 113 and 114: Taylor was appointed bacteriology i
Page 115 and 116: • Glo Germ lotion • Black light
Page 117 and 118: - Why didn’t some of you get sick
Page 119 and 120: ut I said, I’ll get a company car
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Page 123 and 124: Antibodies - compounds produced by
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ScienceMakers Spotlight: Luther S.
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7. Dr. Williams has worked with the
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3. “Edible Cell” Activity Now t
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ScienceMakers Spotlight: Alfred Bro
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6. Dr. Brothers talks about educati
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concepts as you present them.” He
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ScienceMakers Spotlight: John D. Te
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6. Dr. Terry has unusual stories ab
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Rest the ends of the coil in the cr
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group that came into NASA at that t
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ScienceMakers Spotlight: Clayton Ba
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8. Dr. Bates and Dr. Walter Massey
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I’ve never been set back by failu
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where he would stay for the next tw
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Use a small piece of tape to make a
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Clip 4 - Going to Bell Labs: Basica
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physical science class; he graduate
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greater than the can is able to wit
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ScienceMakers Spotlight: Julian Ear
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Science: 8. What do you think a phy
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the ground at 10mph while the tenni
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Clip 4 - Getting Youth Interested:
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Gladney, teaching and conducting re
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171 Physics
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courage I had and I went back to hi
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Clip 8 - How I Want to be Remembere
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Jackson attended Roosevelt High Sch
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General Rules Each player gets to c
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campus because of having few social
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In 1993, Massey was appointed Provo
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Learning Objectives • Experiment
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Walter Massey - Video Clip Transcri
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ScienceMakers Spotlight: Ronald E.
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Science: 12. What do you think a ph
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Now to go beyond the natural freque
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split that atom. You chop it. Do yo
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Graduating from Arsenal High School
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Instructions: Rockets can liftoff f
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Carl Spight - Video Clip Transcript
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ScienceMakers Spotlight: Herman Whi
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9. Dr. White would like people to t
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In science, we usually measure usin
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physics. They would talk particular
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The HistoryMakers ® ScienceMakers
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How we choose the winner: The video
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The HistoryMakers ® ScienceMakers
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Getting the Word Out Publicizing an
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219 Oral History Guidelines
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National Science Content Standards
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• Each kind of atom or molecule c
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D. Earth and Space Science - Earth
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H.F.6 Science and technology in loc
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