On the Future of Indigenous Traditions - Munin

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elevant empirical data which has its limitations, in which only a few expert interviews on the thematic field could be collected due to time constraints and few knowledgeable informants. As for the secondary sources there were rare books that contained useful information on the theme. It was not easy to get these books from the book shops, and in the library they could be used there only not borrowed, photocopying had its limitations. In this case the only option was to ask for books from the personal collections of individuals and to photocopy useful portions. These were among the basic limitations of this study. Since the nature of the topic is such that there are no direct and updated literatures available, other than certain events, cases and statements of person aware of the issue reported on the news papers. Therefore it had to be a few focused interviews for the experts and those involved in the field. With regard to the inputs from the field, I chose the focused interview 1 as I knew that the limited number of people I was interviewing were well aware of the subject and had an in-depth knowledge and experience. Among the main people were: the retired magistrate Mr. P.N.S. Surin; a lawyer and a teacher Mr Rashmi Katyan who provided me with their experienced insight in the subject and recommended me to look at several relevant documents and scholarly works. Also Professor Sen, teaching in Tata College in Chaibasa was well informed on the subject. Activist Stan Lourdswami, who is involved in the field of human rights issues in Jharkhand, provided me with useful data and records, and shared his experience and understanding on the subject. Another exclusive interview with the customary chief Shivcharan Parya, who officially holds the position in the customary system of the Adivasi people, illustrated two cases of the dispute the very day I interviewed him. All the interviews are on record that lasted more than one hour or two each and some up to three hours, while some of the interviewees had to be done in several rounds. 1 Robert K. Yin, Case Study Research Design and Methods (New Delhi: SAGA Publications, 2003). 14
Limitations and scope: The Adivasis and their customary practices are not limited to Jharkhand state alone, nor do all the Adivasis in Jharkhand and other states practice their customary practices. This study mainly focuses on Adivasis of Jharkhand state and limits its study area to two districts which are dominated mainly by five major Adivasis groups. However, focus is not only on one group nor on all the five but on their customary system which is more or less the same for all these groups. Within its field of study one case from outside of Jharkhand has also been taken only as a reference to compare the two different levels of its problems. The research is limited to the issues and problems at the state’s structure level where there are conflicts, thus this study looks at the positive as well as negative sides of the customary system itself and the areas where it is in conflict with the state. There has been a limitation of time as the research area is geographically vast, demographically complex and conceptually broad. The scope of this research is to bridge the gap between the rich polities of the Adivasis Customary System within the discourse of political thought. Methodology: The main methodology for this thesis is the constructive approach with objectivity, and as being a part of the research community the study is also done with subjective approach. However, at times it may seem like an essentialist approach at some points. An inter-disciplinary approach is used here which includes social and cultural anthropology, political theories, historical survey along with the primary and secondary sources. The methods selected for the primary sources are a selective and focused interview, government’s documents, and court documents including the documents from customary chiefs’ office and case analysis, while the secondary sources are references from books, magazines, articles, published and unpublished research and reports in including documentary films on human rights of indigenous peoples. 15
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements I dedicate this wo
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents On the Future of
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION...........
Page 9 and 10: Map of India and Jharkhand Capital:
Page 11 and 12: Statement of the problem: The socia
Page 13: important aspect of these communiti
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER ONE: Background of the them
Page 19 and 20: pointed out at the lack of definiti
Page 21 and 22: “which specify the tribes of trib
Page 23 and 24: ules that maintain a balance betwee
Page 25 and 26: 1.2.4. - Political Jharkhand is a p
Page 27 and 28: are associated with. Roy further ad
Page 29 and 30: - but fought in vain - to steam the
Page 31 and 32: 2.2 The customary system / laws How
Page 33 and 34: generation to another. Customs coul
Page 35 and 36: khuntkatti dars - the decedents of
Page 37 and 38: The social organization for their a
Page 39 and 40: Among the Mundas these posts have b
Page 41 and 42: The sense of independence among the
Page 43 and 44: - That the practice of Adivasis cus
Page 45 and 46: sufficient occupation any more. Los
Page 47 and 48: Nevertheless, there were three reas
Page 49 and 50: the ‘modern temples of the nation
Page 51 and 52: the pilot projects of Peraj East Op
Page 53 and 54: Bank machines are lying unused. So
Page 55 and 56: 2.8 Which direction is the ‘devel
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER THREE: Adivasi Politics 3.1
Page 59 and 60: “Originally, a tribe normally com
Page 61 and 62: system of the Adivasis that: “The
Page 63 and 64: policy of non-disturbing of the Adi
Page 65 and 66:
specified, as the socio-cultural or
Page 67 and 68:
3.4. Rules & laws specific to Jhark
Page 69 and 70:
in Jharkhand. They argue that reser
Page 71 and 72:
3.5. The “Tribe” /Adivasi ident
Page 73 and 74:
In the political nation here, the r
Page 75 and 76:
The policy of “‘tribals’ to d
Page 77 and 78:
Jharkhand region and secondly, the
Page 79 and 80:
The third point mentioned earlier i
Page 81 and 82:
forward for discussion on the issue
Page 83 and 84:
survived through different periods
Page 85 and 86:
language called to be ‘the langua
Page 87 and 88:
teen Manki court. That does not lim
Page 89 and 90:
The positive side of it is that peo
Page 91 and 92:
Munda (a post within the customary
Page 93 and 94:
saying she was illegally building h
Page 95 and 96:
the state mechanism and its process
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION 5.1. Basic
Page 99 and 100:
do we look at it to find the distin
Page 101 and 102:
“…most important argument for m
Page 103 and 104:
5.3.1. Adivasi customary system in
Page 105 and 106:
traditional customary system prove
Page 107 and 108:
Bibliography / References: Books Ar
Page 109 and 110:
Articles, Published and Unpublished
Page 111 and 112:
Appendixes: International Definitio
Page 113:
Maps 2 and 3 Photos sources: Cover
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