On the Future of Indigenous Traditions - Munin

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An outline of the Thesis: This thesis is divided in five chapters: The first chapter of the thesis gives a background of the research problem, its limitations and methodology. The second chapter deals with different sets of sources, which determine that the Adivasi are the indigenous peoples of the country. The Adivasis distinctiveness is signified through their existing customary practices. However, their customary practices have become less influential due to historical reasons in contemporary period. Within this reality the role of modern nation-state and its impact on the Adivasis is also discussed in this chapter. The third chapter deals with the political association of the Adivasis that is derived from their customary practices and the benchmarks in the present national legislative system. This includes the conflict of their communitarian identity within the State. In the fourth chapter the main focus is on the strengths of customary system in the reality of the legal system of the State. The empirical data supplements the above positions taken with case illustration and analysis. The fifth chapter concludes with a discussion on broader issues which has affected the basis of the customary practices of the Adivasis and gives an analysis before concluding. 16
CHAPTER ONE: Background of the theme 1.1. The People, the Place and its Presentations Jharkhand is a new state (province) in the central east part of India that is home to more than thirty different Adivasi groups. They comprise nearly 28 percent of the state’s population, which is far less than their population in the 1950’s. The demography of this region has changed drastically due to the opening of big industries, steel plants, large scale mining project and big dams and the urbanisation process altogether has attracted more and more non-Adivasis from other parts of India. In India there are 641 Scheduled Tribe (ST) groups 2 comprising nearly eight per cent of the total country’s population, spread out un-proportionately in almost all the 28 states and seven Union Territories of the country. Their population is densest in northeast India, followed by central India and than becomes thinner in the north, west and south of the country. However, it would be important to note that, not all who are called Adivasis or tribals are on the list of Scheduled Tribes, nor are all those listed as ST Adivasis or tribals. The main emphasis of this thesis is the issue of Adivasis being the indigenous peoples in India. They demand being rightful stakeholders in the management of their resources and the governance of themselves through their own social institutions. In the case of Adivasis in Jharkhand India in particular, it would be their customary system or customary laws as their own institutions of governance. This occurs in the north-eastern states and other states where they have the status of being in the Fifth and Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. This thesis will explore why they have difficulties in adjusting or accommodating themselves to the ‘main stream societies’ more particularly to the Indian mainstream society on the issue of governance. While the focus will be on the customary system of the Adivasis in Jharkhand as a case 2 K.S Singh, The Scheduled Tribes, PEOPLE OF INDIA National Series Volume III (India: Oxford University Press, 1982), xi 17
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements I dedicate this wo
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents On the Future of
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION...........
Page 9 and 10: Map of India and Jharkhand Capital:
Page 11 and 12: Statement of the problem: The socia
Page 13 and 14: important aspect of these communiti
Page 15: Limitations and scope: The Adivasis
Page 19 and 20: pointed out at the lack of definiti
Page 21 and 22: “which specify the tribes of trib
Page 23 and 24: ules that maintain a balance betwee
Page 25 and 26: 1.2.4. - Political Jharkhand is a p
Page 27 and 28: are associated with. Roy further ad
Page 29 and 30: - but fought in vain - to steam the
Page 31 and 32: 2.2 The customary system / laws How
Page 33 and 34: generation to another. Customs coul
Page 35 and 36: khuntkatti dars - the decedents of
Page 37 and 38: The social organization for their a
Page 39 and 40: Among the Mundas these posts have b
Page 41 and 42: The sense of independence among the
Page 43 and 44: - That the practice of Adivasis cus
Page 45 and 46: sufficient occupation any more. Los
Page 47 and 48: Nevertheless, there were three reas
Page 49 and 50: the ‘modern temples of the nation
Page 51 and 52: the pilot projects of Peraj East Op
Page 53 and 54: Bank machines are lying unused. So
Page 55 and 56: 2.8 Which direction is the ‘devel
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER THREE: Adivasi Politics 3.1
Page 59 and 60: “Originally, a tribe normally com
Page 61 and 62: system of the Adivasis that: “The
Page 63 and 64: policy of non-disturbing of the Adi
Page 65 and 66: specified, as the socio-cultural or
Page 67 and 68:
3.4. Rules & laws specific to Jhark
Page 69 and 70:
in Jharkhand. They argue that reser
Page 71 and 72:
3.5. The “Tribe” /Adivasi ident
Page 73 and 74:
In the political nation here, the r
Page 75 and 76:
The policy of “‘tribals’ to d
Page 77 and 78:
Jharkhand region and secondly, the
Page 79 and 80:
The third point mentioned earlier i
Page 81 and 82:
forward for discussion on the issue
Page 83 and 84:
survived through different periods
Page 85 and 86:
language called to be ‘the langua
Page 87 and 88:
teen Manki court. That does not lim
Page 89 and 90:
The positive side of it is that peo
Page 91 and 92:
Munda (a post within the customary
Page 93 and 94:
saying she was illegally building h
Page 95 and 96:
the state mechanism and its process
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION 5.1. Basic
Page 99 and 100:
do we look at it to find the distin
Page 101 and 102:
“…most important argument for m
Page 103 and 104:
5.3.1. Adivasi customary system in
Page 105 and 106:
traditional customary system prove
Page 107 and 108:
Bibliography / References: Books Ar
Page 109 and 110:
Articles, Published and Unpublished
Page 111 and 112:
Appendixes: International Definitio
Page 113:
Maps 2 and 3 Photos sources: Cover
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