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Source D Speech by Wilhelm Keil to the SPD Congress in Heidelberg, 1925. We Social Democrats feel ourselves to be the real representatives of the democratic republic, and we must, therefore, defend it with all our might … In essence, the Social Democrats are, and remain, the advocate of the poor, the workers and the disinherited. We must use all our power in public life to defend the vital interests of the working people and of the innocent victims of the capitalist economy against the patronage of property. Thus when we are in opposition, our demands must not exceed those limits which we would have to honour if we were in power. Source E Dr Hjalmar Schacht, memorandum, December 1929. The Young Plan is a treaty structure which is the only possible way to solve the reparations question and to restore world peace. This Plan expresses the most serious sense of moral responsibility which its authors feel not only to their own people, but to the entire civilised world. We have a right to ask the governments not to endanger this pacific achievement by insisting upon unilateral interests… The German people have a right to expect foreign governments to cease their efforts to squeeze out of German industry special payments and sacrifices which go beyond the terms of the Young Plan. Source F Gustav Stressemann comments on political leadership in 1929. The supplanting of the individual by the organisation is the prime evil of modern political life. A person is not only the representative of a professional organisation, a local association or a mass body of one sort or another: his significance lies in himself … We must strive to achieve reform of the parliamentary system. We must demand that the spirit of party be confined to what is vitally required for Germany’s development, that Parliament itself exert the pressure to produce a real and not merely formal majority. But if that fails in the present situation, because of the parties themselves, then let the cry go up, ‘Res venit ad triaros!’ and let responsible individuals find the courage to govern - that is, to assume leadership. (From The Weimar Republic, D Peukert, Allen lane 1991) History: Germany: Versailles to the Outbreak of World War II - 1918-1939 (AH) 61
TASKSHEET Essays 1. Do you agree with the view that economic recovery was largely responsible for stabilising the Weimar Republic in the mid 1920s? 2. Discuss the significance of the appointment of Hindenburg as President of the Weimar Republic in 1925? 3. Were the Socials Democrats the ‘real’ defenders of the Weimar Republic? 4. Is it right to say Gustav Stressemann was a ‘republican by conviction’? Source-based Questions 1. Does Source A accurately reflect the importance of reparations for Germany in the 1920s? 2. To what extent does Source B accurately reflect the position of the German people on the Dawes Plan? 3. What light does Source C shed on the political history of the Weimar Republic? 4. Do you agree with Source D that the Social Democrats were right to see themselves as the ‘real representatives’ of the Weimar Republic? 5. Sources C and D agree on how the economic and political interests of the German working classes were to be protected. Discuss. 6. In what ways are Source F critical of the Weimar parliamentary ‘system’? History: Germany: Versailles to the Outbreak of World War II - 1918-1939 (AH) 62
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History Germany: Versailles to the
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CONTENTS Course Requirements Using
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COURSE REQUIREMENTS General Aims Th
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USING THIS UNIT The material in thi
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CHRONOLOGICAL SURVEY 1871 18 Januar
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1928 20 May Reichstag Elections: Na
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1939 15 March Hitler seizes Prague.
Page 16 and 17: PART ONE: COURSE ISSUES - A FRAMEWO
Page 18 and 19: Part B: The November Revolution Thi
Page 20 and 21: Part C: The Treaty of Versailles Wi
Page 22 and 23: Part D: Social and Political Instab
Page 24 and 25: Part E: Economic Crisis and Hyper-i
Page 26 and 27: THEME 2: A PERIOD OF RELATIVE STABI
Page 28 and 29: Part B: Social Welfare Provision -
Page 30 and 31: Issues to consider There has been c
Page 32 and 33: THEME 3: THE COLLAPSE OF WEIMAR The
Page 34 and 35: Issues to consider / investigate /
Page 36 and 37: Part C: The Rise of Nazism The rapi
Page 38 and 39: THEME 4: THE TRANSFORMATION OF POST
Page 40 and 41: Issues to consider • How effectiv
Page 42 and 43: Part C: Nazi Social and Racial Poli
Page 44 and 45: PART TWO: CURRENT RESEARCH SECTION
Page 46 and 47: perspective is provided by A. Dorpa
Page 48 and 49: From the early 1970s numerous studi
Page 50 and 51: All his ‘actions’ from the Dawe
Page 52 and 53: In his Introduction Kershaw argues
Page 54 and 55: The controversial nature of this to
Page 56 and 57: Source D In his memoirs General Gro
Page 58 and 59: Source J Heinrich Stroebel, a membe
Page 60 and 61: ACTIVITIES Essays 1. Conditions see
Page 62 and 63: Source D A Foreign Office Official
Page 64 and 65: ACTIVITIES Essays 1. Discuss the vi
Page 68 and 69: SECTION FOUR: THE COLLAPSE OF THE R
Page 70 and 71: A quarter of an hour later I stood
Page 72 and 73: SECTION FIVE: NAZISM IN THE WEIMAR
Page 74 and 75: Source H A National Socialist repor
Page 76 and 77: Source N Writing in 1934, a middle
Page 78 and 79: ACTIVITIES Essays 1. How important
Page 80 and 81: Source D A Nazi theorist explains t
Page 82 and 83: een increased despite the totally c
Page 84 and 85: SECTION TWO: THE NAZI SOCIAL AND RA
Page 86 and 87: Source G A school pupil comments on
Page 88 and 89: Source M Lloyd George in 1937 on ho
Page 90 and 91: ACTIVITIES Essays 1. How successful
Page 92 and 93: . Source E A Social Democrat commen
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