A Current Bibliography on African Affairs - Baywood Publishing

VOLUME 42, NUMBER 4—2009-2010 / 379
1253. Arbyn, M. et al. POOLED ANALYSIS OF THE ACCURACY OF FIVE
CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING TESTS ASSESSED IN ELEVEN STUDIES IN
AFRICA AND INDIA. International Journal of Cancer. 2008, 123(1):153-160.
Cervical cancer is the main cancer among women in sub-Saharan Africa, India and other
parts of the developing world. Evaluation of screening performance of effective, feasible
and affordable early detection and management methods is a public health priority. Five
screening methods, naked eye visual inspection of the cervix uteri after application of
diluted acetic acid (VIA), or Lugol’s iodine (VILI) or with a magnifying device (VIAM),
the Pap smear and human papillomavirus testing with the high-risk probe of the Hybrid
Capture-2 assay (HC2), were evaluated in 11 studies in India and Africa. Because of the
correlation between visual screening tests and colposcopy and a certain degree of
over-diagnosis of apparent CIN2+ by study pathologists, it is possible that both sensitivity
and specificity of VIA and VILI were overestimated. Gold standard verification error could
also explain the surprisingly low sensitivity of HC2, which contrasts with findings from
other studies.
1254. Argent, A. C. MANAGING HIV IN THE PICU—THE EXPERIENCE AT THE
RED CROSS WAR MEMORIAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL IN CAPE TOWN. Indian
Journal of Pediatrics. 2008, 75(6):615-620.
The HIV pandemic has affected children throughout the developing world. This article
describes the experience of the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Red Cross War
Memorial Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Over the last 20 years we have
improved our management of HIV infected children requiring intensive care admission. In
the absence of anti-retroviral therapy, long term outcomes from PICU admission of HIV
infected children have not improved significantly, and it is debatable whether PICU
admission is justified. Once anti-retroviral therapy is available to children, there may be
significant improvements in outcome and possible affected children should be admitted to
the PICU if resources are available.
1255. Arita, I., and M. Nakane. ROAD MAP FOR PILIO ERADICATION—
ESTABLISHING THE LINK WITH MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL NO. 4
FOR CHILD SURVIVAL. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008, 61(3):169-174.
The global polio eradication program, started in 1988, initially targeted the year
2000 for the worldwide elimination of the disease. Although poliovirus transmission has
been markedly reduced, it has not been eliminated. As we enter the 20th year of the
campaign, poliovirus continues to infect and cause paralysis in localized areas of South
Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. To combat this scourge, the World Health Organization,
together with other worldwide partners, has newly committed to worldwide eradication by
2009. It appears that the delay has been caused by a combination of the failure of
globalization to deliver the prosperity it initially promised and technical problems specific
to polio eradication.
1256. Arya, A. P., and L. Klenerman. THE JAIPUR FOOT. Journal of Bone and Joint
Surgery. British Volume. 2008, 90(11):1414-1416.
The Jaipur foot was developed for barefoot amputees by Professor P. K. Sethi. He used
local artisans and readily available materials. The prosthesis was cheap and could be made
in one hour. It enabled amputees to work in rural conditions, muddy and wet fields and to