A Current Bibliography on African Affairs - Baywood Publishing

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388 / A CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHY ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS 1288. Botha, E. et al. FROM SUSPECT TO PATIENT: TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT INITIATION IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2008, 12(8):936-941. We assess the use of a sputum register to evaluate the tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic process and the initiation of TB treatment in selected PHC facilities in a country with a centralized laboratory system. By correcting diagnostic weaknesses identified in the sputum register, PHC facilities will be able to detect, treat and cure a higher percentage of TB patients. 1289. Bradley, A. J. et al. GENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF TWO HYPERVARIABLE HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS GENES. Journal of Medical Virology. 2008, 80(9): 1615-1623. Most human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes are highly conserved in sequence among strains, but some exhibit a substantial degree of variation. Two of these genes are UL146, which encodes a CXC chemokine, and UL139, which is predicted to encode a membrane glycoprotein. The sequences of these genes were determined from a collection of 184 HCMV samples obtained from Africa, Australia, Asia, Europe, and North America. UL146 is hypervariable throughout, whereas variation in UL139 is concentrated in a sequence encoding a potentially highly glycosylated region. The UL146 sequences fell into 14 genotypes, as did all previously reported sequences. The UL139 sequences grouped into 8 genotypes, and all previously reported sequences fell into a subset of these. 1290. Bregani, E. R., F. Tantardini, and A. Rovellini. CASE REPORT: EFFECTS OF DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE AND THIABENDAZOLE COMBINATION AGAINST MANSONELLA PERSTANS FILARIASIS. Parassitologia. 2007, 49(1-2):37-38. Mansonella perstans filariasis is widely present in Africa and equatorial America and its pathogenicity has been recently reconsidered. Effective treatment is lacking and there is no consensus on optimal therapeutic approach. We present the results of a new combination treatment against M. perstans filariasis. Two cases of M. perstans filariasis were treated with the combination of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and thiabendazole. The treatment was able to significantly reduce microfilaria burden in a case and to achieve complete clearance of blood microfilariae in another case. 1291. Briand, V. et al. EFFICACY OF INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE TREAT- MENT VERSUS CHLOROQUINE PROPHYLAXIS TO PREVENT MALARIA DUR- ING PREGNANCY IN BENIN. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008, 198(4):594-601. In West Africa, treatment for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy has recently changed from chloroquine (CQ) prophylaxis to intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp). We assessed the benefits of IPTp with respect to those of CQ, using a before-after study. CQ efficacy was evaluated during a cross-sectional survey conducted in Benin between April 2004 and April 2005. We compared the efficacy of the 2 strategies against low birth weight and placental infection by performing multiple logistic regressions. We clearly evidenced that IPTp is substantially more beneficial than CQ for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy.
VOLUME 42, NUMBER 4—2009-2010 / 389 1292. Bröker, M. BURDEN OF INVASIVE DISEASE CAUSED BY HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B (Hib) IN AFRICA. Minerva Pediatrics. 2008, 60(3):337-342. More than 10 million children younger than 5 years of age die every year and the majority of them from diseases that can be prevented by vaccines. Invasive infections caused Haemophilus influenzae b are one of the leading causes of infant and childhood pneumonia and meningitis. Hib can effectively be prevented by Hib conjugate vaccine which has been introduced during the 1990s in industrialized countries and has virtually eliminated invasive Hib disease. The poorest countries however, do not yet have implemented this safe and preventive intervention and one reason for this gap is low awareness and poor perception of published data and recently developed combination vaccines enabling effective immunization against five diseases by one vaccine (five in one). This article provides a descriptive analysis of the burden of Hib disease in Africa. 1293. Bronowicki, J. P. et al. METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE 677 T ALLELE PROTECTS AGAINST PERSISTENT HBV INFECTION IN WEST AFRICA. Journal of Hepatology. 2008, 48(4):532-539. Homocysteine metabolism is linked to DNA methylation, a mechanism potentially involved in the course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We evaluated the association of determinants of homocysteine metabolism with the outcome of HBV infection. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 T allele seems to protect against chronic HBV infection in young African adults. 1294. Brookes, R. H. et al. SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF THE CAN- DIDATE TUBERCULOSIS VACCINE MVA85A IN WEST AFRICA. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3(8):e2921. Vaccination with a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara expressing antigen 85A from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MVA85A, induces high levels of cellular immune responses in UK volunteers. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of this new vaccine in West African volunteers. These data on the safety and immunogenicity of MVA85A in West Africa support its accelerated development as a promising booster vaccine for tuberculosis. 1295. Brysiewicz, P., and J. Bruce. EMERGENCY NURSING IN SOUTH AFRICA. International Emergency Nursing. 2008, 16(2):127-131. The role of the emergency nurse in South Africa is a challenging one due to a variety of reasons. This article describes the healthcare system of South Africa with particular attention to the emergency medical system as well as the reason why most emergency clients present to the emergency departments. The actual experience of working as an emergency nurse in South Africa is highlighted. 1296. Busari, O., and O. Busari. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION IN A 5-YEAR- OLD CHILD ON THERAPEUTIC DOSE OF QUININE DIHYDROCHLORIDE INFU- SION FOR ACUTE MALARIA. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2008, 100(9):1063-1065. Malaria is no doubt a disease of public health significance in the tropics. Plasmodium falciparum resistant to majority of the first-line antimalarial drugs now causes most of the infections treated in sub-Saharan Africa. Although there is increasing use of
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Vorster, W. et al., 0632 Voss, U.,
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Benzodiazepine, 1451 Besong, Bate,
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[Civil society] war, 0283, 0326, 07
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Dracaena, 0760 Dragonfly, 0711 Drin
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Forced labor, 0067 Foreign aid, 026
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Heteroduplex assay, 0956 Heterosexu
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Keratitis, 1257 Kernel moisture, 00
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Mercenary, 0250 Metabolic syndrome,
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Osteitis, 0624, 1012 Osteoporosis,
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[Psychiatric disorder] nursing, 020
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She-Devil, 1482 Sheep, 1206 Shell m
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Tick, 0412, 0511, 0787 borne diseas
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Yogurt, 1249 Yoruba song, 1133 Youn
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[NORTHEAST AFRICA] Djibouti 0233, 0
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Journal of Urban Health Journal of
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