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382 / A CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHY ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS extent to which it reduces sexual transmission. However, our analysis suggests that it will greatly reduce the TB notification rate. 1264. Bai, Z. G. et al. AZITHROMYCIN VS. BENZATHINE PENICILLIN G FOR EARLY SYPHILIS: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS. International Journal of STD and AIDS. 2008, 19(4):217-221. The World Health Organization estimates that at least 12 million people are infected with syphilis in the world. Southeast Asia accounts for 5.8 million; Africa accounts for 3.5 million. There has been controversy in using the two kinds of antibiotics for early syphilis. A systematic review comparing these antibiotics could affect treatment guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin vs. penicillin G benzathine for early syphilis and a meta-analysis to compare these two kinds of antibiotics for early syphilis. Azithromycin achieved a higher cure rate than penicillin G benzathine in a long follow-up. 1265. Barnes, K. I. et al. INCREASED GAMETOCYTEMIA AFTER TREATMENT: AN EARLY PARASITOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF EMERGING SULFADOXINE- PYRIMETHAMINE RESISTANCE IN FALCIPARUM MALARIA. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008, 197(11):1605-1613. Although malaria treatment aims primarily to eliminate the asexual blood stages that cause illness, reducing the carriage of gametocytes is critical for limiting malaria transmission and the spread of resistance. An increased duration and density of gametocyte carriage after sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment was an early indicator of drug resistance. This increased gametocytemia among patients who have primary infections with drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum fuels the spread of resistance even before treatment failure rates increase significantly. 1266. Bärnighausen, T. et al. HIV INCIDENCE IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA: COMPARISON OF ESTIMATES FROM LONGITUDINAL SURVEILLANCE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL cBED ASSAY TESTING. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3(11):e3640. The BED IgG-Capture Enzyme Immunoassay (cBED assay), a test of recent HIV infection, has been used to estimate HIV incidence in cross-sectional HIV surveys. However, there has been concern that the assay overestimates HIV incidence to an unknown extent because it falsely classifies some individuals with non-recent HIV infections as recently infected. We used data from a longitudinal HIV surveillance in rural South Africa to measure the fraction of people with non-recent HIV infection who are falsely classified as recently HIV-infected by the cBED assay (the long-term false-positive ratio (FPR)) and compared cBED assay-based HIV incidence estimates to longitudinally measured HIV incidence. 1267. Bate, R. et al. ANTIMALARIAL DRUG QUALITY IN THE MOST SEVERELY MALARIOUS PARTS OF AFRICA—A SIX COUNTRY STUDY. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3(5):e2132. A range of antimalarial drugs were procured from private pharmacies in urban and peri-urban areas in the major cities of six African countries, situated in the part of that continent and the world that is most highly endemic for malaria. Semi-quantitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and dissolution testing were used to measure active
VOLUME 42, NUMBER 4—2009-2010 / 383 pharmaceutical ingredient content against internationally acceptable standards. The high persistence of substandard drugs and clinically inappropriate artemisinin monotherapies in the private sector risks patient safety and, through drug resistance, places the future of malaria treatment at risk globally. 1268. Beck, I. A. et al. OPTIMIZATION OF THE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE LIGATION ASSAY, A RAPID AND INEXPENSIVE TEST FOR DETECTION OF HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS, FOR NON-NORTH AMERICAN VARIANTS. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008, 48(4):418-427. We evaluated the feasibility of oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA), a specific, sensitive, and economical ligase-based point mutation assay designed to detect HIV-1 drugresistance mutations at 12 codons of HIV-1 subtype B pol, for potential use in resourcepoor settings. The OLA designed for HIV-1 subtype B genotyped most pol codons in non-B subtypes from Asia and Africa but was improved by addition of several modified probes. International laboratories experienced in molecular techniques were able to perform the OLA. 1269. Begley, E. B. et al. WILLINGNESS OF MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN (MSM) IN THE UNITED STATES TO BE CIRCUMCISED AS ADULTS TO REDUCE THE RISK OF HIV INFECTION. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3(7):e2731. Circumcision reduces HIV acquisition among heterosexual men in Africa, but it is unclear if circumcision may reduce HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, or whether MSM would be willing to be circumcised if recommended. Over half of uncircumcised MSM, especially black MSM, expressed willingness to be circumcised. Perceived risks and benefits of circumcision should be a part of educational materials if circumcision is recommended for MSM in the United States. 1270. Bekibele, C. O., and O. Gureje. SELF-REPORTED VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AND IMPACT ON VISION-RELATED ACTIVITIES IN AN ELDERLY NIGERIAN POPULATION: REPORT FROM THE IBADAN STUDY OF AGEING. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 2008, 15(4):250-256. Studies have shown an association between visual impairment and poor overall function. Studies from Africa and developing countries show high prevalence of visual impairment. More information is needed on the community prevalence and impact of visual impairment among elderly Africans. The prevalence of self-reported distant visual impairment was high but that for near visual impairment was less than expected in this elderly African population. Impairment of near vision was found to carry with it a higher burden of functional disability than that of distant vision. 1271. Bell, C. C. et al. BUILDING PROTECTIVE FACTORS TO OFFSET SEX- UALLY RISKY BEHAVIORS AMONG BLACK YOUTHS: A RANDOMIZED CON- TROL TRIAL. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2008, 100(8):936-944. We test the effectiveness of the CHAMP among black South Africans in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. CHAMPSA enhances a significant number of individual, family and community protective factors that can help youths avoid risky behaviors leading to HIVpositive status.
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Al-Qadi, W., 1110 Alterman, D. M.,
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Bratton, M., 0199 Bregani, E. R., 1
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Dessalegn, Y., 1165 Desta, K. et al
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Gong, C. et al., 1107 Goodman, G.,
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Kamugisha, M. L. et al., 0129 Kanbu
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Mbana, P., 0332 Mbanyana, N., 0428,
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Olbers, J. M., 1193 Oldewage-Theron
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Schroeder, D., 1229 Schulz, D. E.,
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Thera, M. A. et al., 0991 Theron, M
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Vorster, W. et al., 0632 Voss, U.,
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Benzodiazepine, 1451 Besong, Bate,
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[Civil society] war, 0283, 0326, 07
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Dracaena, 0760 Dragonfly, 0711 Drin
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Forced labor, 0067 Foreign aid, 026
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Heteroduplex assay, 0956 Heterosexu
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Keratitis, 1257 Kernel moisture, 00
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Mercenary, 0250 Metabolic syndrome,
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Osteitis, 0624, 1012 Osteoporosis,
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[Psychiatric disorder] nursing, 020
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She-Devil, 1482 Sheep, 1206 Shell m
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Tick, 0412, 0511, 0787 borne diseas
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Yogurt, 1249 Yoruba song, 1133 Youn
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[NORTHEAST AFRICA] Djibouti 0233, 0
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Journal of Urban Health Journal of
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