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398 / A CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHY ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS effects. Children in these families also may be at greater risk of undergoing other mutilation rituals because of their cultural background. 1329. Einstein, G. FROM BODY TO BRAIN: CONSIDERING THE NEUROBIO- LOGICAL EFFECTS OF FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 2008, 51(1):84-97. Female genital cutting (FBC) is an ancient tradition unbounded by religion and practiced primarily in Africa and the regions to which Africans have immigrated. All types of FGC involve cutting neural innervation to the vulva: the clitoris, labia majora and minora. Most types include excision of the clitoris. Since the tissue of the vulva is highly innervated by nerves and their endings, I postulate here that the brain and spinal cord will respond to FGC as it would to any loss of neural targets or inputs: by rearranging neural networks. This, in turn, would affect neural signaling to target structures and modify sensory perception. Most scientific investigations of FGC have focused on its reproductive consequences. 1330. Ens, C. D. et al. ACCESS TO HOSPICE CARE: MULTI-PROFESSIONAL SPECIALIST PERSPECTIVES IN SOUTH AFRICA. International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2008, 14(4):169-174. Research addressing the nature of hospice referrals focuses primarily on the effect of late referral and the majority of studies are based in North America. Using health care professionals as key informants, the goal was to describe the hospice referral system used in the Western Cape Province of South Africa from the perspective of nursing sisters, medical doctors, and social workers. Three main themes, centring around the process of referring, (lack of) standardization, and (lack of) knowledge, arose from the analysis of the transcripts. An interpretation of the themes led to the development of a model describing the ideal hospice referral system for South Africa. 1331. Erikstrup, C. et al. p24 AS A PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY IN A COHORT OF HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS IN RURAL AFRICA. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2008, 48(3):345-349. Implementation of antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa requires efficient tools to monitor HIV patients. p24 measurements have been proposed as an alternative to HIV- RNA because of the low cost of reagents and equipment needed. Here, we evaluate p24 as a prognostic marker in a cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals in Zimbabwe. This is the first study to evaluate the prognostic strength of p24 in an area with a predominance of HIV subtype C infections. p24 correlated with HIV-RNA and predicted clinical stage better than CD4 count. It predicted mortality in both univariate and multivariate analysis, but in multivariate analysis, it was inferior to HIV-RNA and CD4 count. 1332. Etenna, S. L. et al. NEW INSIGHTS INTO PREVALENCE, GENETIC DIVERSITY, AND PROVIRAL LOAD OF HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS TYPES 1 AND 2 IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN GABON IN EQUATORIAL CENTRAL AFRICA. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2008, 46(11):3607-3614. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is highly endemic in areas of central Africa; mother-to-child transmission and sexual transmission are considered to be the predominant routes. To determine the prevalence and subtypes of HTLV-1/2 in pregnant
VOLUME 42, NUMBER 4—2009-2010 / 399 women in Gabon, we conducted an epidemiological survey in the five main cities of the country. Some strains were closely related to simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 strains of great apes, suggesting that in these areas some HTLV-1 strains could arise from relatively recent interspecies transmission. The sole HTLV-2 strain belonged to subtype B. In this study we showed that the prevalence of HTLV-1 in the southeast is one of the highest in the world for pregnant women. 1333. Fang, S. et al. AUTOMATED DIAGNOSIS OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYN- DROME USING 3D FACIAL IMAGE ANALYSIS. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research. 2008, 11(3):162-171. We use three-dimensional (3D) facial laser scanned images from children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and controls to develop an automated diagnosis technique that can reliably and accurately identify individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol. Our results demonstrate that computer algorithms can be used to automatically detect facial features that can discriminate FAS and control faces. 1334. Fasunla, A. J. et al. SINONASAL PARAGANGLIOMA: A CASE REPORT. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2008, 12(2):93-96. We highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion and meticulous evaluation of a patient with bleeding sinonasal mass in the diagnosis of sinonasal paraganglioma. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of sinonasal paraganglioma in a HIV-positive patient and the first reported case of sinonasal paraganglioma in Africa. It is, however, not clear from this report if the patient’s HIV status preceded her development of the paraganglioma or not. 1335. Fasunla, A. J., and A. O. Lasisi. SINONASAL MALIGNANCIES: A 10-YEAR REVIEW IN A TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTION. Journal of the National Medical Association. 2007, 99(12):1407-1410. Sinonasal malignancy is a cause of otorhinolaryngologic morbidity and mortality in West Africa. However, there is a dearth of information in the literature on its clinicopathologic presentation in West Africa. It is our aim to determine the prevalence of sinonasal malignancy and highlight the clinicopathologic features in our environment. A 10-year retrospective review of cases with histologically diagnosed malignant sinonasal tumors in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria was carried out. 1336. Ferrari, M. J. et al. THE DYNAMICS OF MEASLES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. Nature. 2008, 451(7179):679-684. Although vaccination has almost eliminated measles in parts of the world, the disease remains a major killer in some high birth rate countries of the Sahel. On the basis of measles dynamics for industrialized countries, high birth rate regions should experience regular annual epidemics. Here, however, we show that measles epidemics in Niger are highly episodic, particularly in the capital Niamey. Models demonstrate that this variability arises from powerful seasonality in transmission-generating high amplitude epidemics—within the chaotic domain of deterministic dynamics. In practice, this leads to frequent stochastic fadeouts, interspersed with irregular, large epidemics.
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Dessalegn, Y., 1165 Desta, K. et al
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Gong, C. et al., 1107 Goodman, G.,
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Kamugisha, M. L. et al., 0129 Kanbu
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Mbana, P., 0332 Mbanyana, N., 0428,
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Olbers, J. M., 1193 Oldewage-Theron
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Schroeder, D., 1229 Schulz, D. E.,
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Thera, M. A. et al., 0991 Theron, M
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Vorster, W. et al., 0632 Voss, U.,
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Benzodiazepine, 1451 Besong, Bate,
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[Civil society] war, 0283, 0326, 07
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Dracaena, 0760 Dragonfly, 0711 Drin
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Forced labor, 0067 Foreign aid, 026
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Heteroduplex assay, 0956 Heterosexu
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Keratitis, 1257 Kernel moisture, 00
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Mercenary, 0250 Metabolic syndrome,
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Osteitis, 0624, 1012 Osteoporosis,
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[Psychiatric disorder] nursing, 020
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She-Devil, 1482 Sheep, 1206 Shell m
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Tick, 0412, 0511, 0787 borne diseas
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Yogurt, 1249 Yoruba song, 1133 Youn
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[NORTHEAST AFRICA] Djibouti 0233, 0
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Journal of Urban Health Journal of
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