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428 / A CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHY ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS HDS may be a more sensitive screening instrument for HIV associated dementia in patients attending ARV services. 1444. Gobodo-Madikizela, P. TRAUMA, FORGIVENESS AND THE WITNESSING DANCE: MAKING PUBLIC SPACES INTIMATE. The Journal of Analytical Psychology. 2008, 53(2):169-188. In this paper I explore the concept of forgiveness as a response to gross human rights violations. I present a conceptual examination of the effects of massive trauma in relation to what I refer to as the ‘unfinished business’ of trauma. Using a psychoanalytic framework, I consider the process of ‘bearing witness’ about trauma and examine how this process opens up the possibility of reciprocal expressions of empathy between victim and perpetrator. I then argue that, in this context of trauma testimony and witnessing, empathy is essential for the development of remorse on the part of perpetrators, and of forgiveness on the part of victims. 1445. Hamad, R. et al. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CORRELATES OF DEPRES- SIVE SYMPTOMS AND PERCEIVED STRESS IN SOUTH AFRICAN ADULTS. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2008, 62(6):538-544. Adults in South Africa demonstrate rates of mental illness at or above levels elsewhere in the developing world. Yet there is a research gap regarding the social context surrounding mental health in this region. The objective of this analysis was to characterize the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms and perceived stress among a heterogeneous South African population. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress are public health concerns in this sample, with more symptoms among those with fewer resources. The prevention of mental illness is critical, especially in vulnerable populations. 1446. Hodes, M. et al. RISK AND RESILIENCE FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DIS- TRESS AMONGST UNACCOMPANIED ASYLUM SEEKING ADOLESCENTS. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 2008, 49(7):723-732. Epub 2008 Jul 1. We investigate the level of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms, and background risk and protective factors that might increase or ameliorate this distress amongst unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and adolescents (UASC). High depressive scores were associated with female gender, and region of origin amongst the UASC. UASC might have less psychological distress if offered high-support living arrangements and general support as they approach the age of 18 years, but prospective studies are required to investigate the range of risk and protective factors. 1447. Idoniboye, G. A CALL FOR MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENTS IN HIV POSITIVE CHILDREN IN AFRICA. Journal of the Royal Society of Health. 2008, 128(5):240-241. There is a worldwide pandemic of HIV infection. The WHO has compiled estimates of cases of HIV/AIDS for each country. In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV infection is causing decreased life expectancy. There is an overall increase in the number of orphans as a result of AIDS. Poverty, the lack of technologies and adequate resources are widening the gap between Africa and industrialized countries. In the instance of HIV positive children in Africa, we should aim to look into ways to identify and treat those with mental health issues
VOLUME 42, NUMBER 4—2009-2010 / 429 or at risk for future mental health problems. This will help those affected to cope with the chronic illness associated with HIV infection, and to better comply with treatment that may lead to improved outcomes in terms of their quality of life. 1448. Kagee, A. SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG A SAMPLE OF SOUTH AFRICAN PATIENTS LIVING WITH A CHRONIC ILLNESS. Journal of Health Psychology. 2008, 13(4):547-555. The present study reports on a survey conducted among 119 patients receiving treatment for diabetes or hypertension at semi-rural community health care clinics in South Africa. Participants completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results suggest that a considerable proportion of the sample may be experiencing significant psychiatric difficulty, for which they may not be receiving treatment. 1449. Kalaria, R. N. et al. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND VASCULAR DEMEN- TIA IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: PREVALENCE, MANAGEMENT, AND RISK FACTORS. Lancet Neurology. 2008, 7(9):812-826. Despite mortality due to communicable diseases, poverty, and human conflicts, dementia incidence is destined to increase in the developing world in tandem with the ageing population. <strong>Current</strong> data from the developing countries suggest that age-adjusted dementia prevalence estimates in 65-year-olds are high (> or = 5%) in certain Asian and Latin American countries, but consistently low (1-3%) in India and sub-Saharan Africa; Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60% whereas vascular dementia accounts for approximately 30% of the prevalence. Early-onset familial forms of dementia with single-gene defects occur in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Illiteracy remains a risk factor for dementia. The APOE epsilon4 allele does not influence dementia progression in sub- Saharan Africans. 1450. Price, H. H. RATE OF BRITISH PSYCHIATRIC COMBAT CASUALTIES COMPARED TO RECENT AMERICAN WARS. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. 2007, 153(Suppl 1):58-61. This paper examines factors leading to the low rate of combat psychiatric casualties in the British recapture of the Falklands compared to the American experience in North Africa, Italy, Europe and South Pacific theatres during World War II, the Korean Conflict and Vietnam. The factors compared are those thought to affect rates seen in these past wars. The factors highlighted are psychiatric screening of evacuees, presence of psychiatric personnel in line units, intensity of combat and use of elite units. Factors also mentioned are presence of possible occult psychiatric casualties such as frostbite and malaria, amount of indirect fire and the offensive or defensive nature of the combat. A unique aspect of the Falklands War examined is the exclusive use of hospital ships to treat psychiatric casualties and the impact of the Geneva Convention rules regarding hospital ships on the classic treatment principles of proximity and expectancy. 1451. Seedat, S., A. Haskis, and D. J. Stein. BENEFITS OF CONSUMER PSYCHO- EDUCATION: A PILOT PROGRAM IN SOUTH AFRICA. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2008, 38(1):31-42. Previous studies have indicated that patient adherence to antidepressant treatment is
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Mercenary, 0250 Metabolic syndrome,
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