Parasites and Biliary stones

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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ١٣٦ therapy with the technical feasibility of endoscopic sphincterotomy. This is specially so in the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, where ERCP should be the treatment of choice in children with CBD stones who are going or have previously undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Issa et al., 2006).
Summary and conclusion ١٣٧ Summary and conclusion Gall stone disease remains one of the most common medical problems leading to surgical intervention. The risk factors predisposing to gallstone formation include obesity, diabetes mellitus, estrogen and pregnancy, hemolytic diseases, and cirrhosis . It is important to remember that gallstones can lead to a variety of other complications including choledocholithiasis. About 15% of patients with gallstones have choledocholithiasis. Stones in the common duct usually originate in the gallbladder but may also form de novo in the bile duct. Stones from gall bladder which migrate up to the intra-hepatic ducts leading to formation of Hepatolithiasis. Helminthic invasion of the human biliary tract is a prominent medical and surgical problem especially in tropical and subtropical areas where these parasites are endemic. Helminthic infestation may affect the liver and/or the biliary tract either during passage of worms through these structures or because these organs serve as their natural habitat. The parasitic infestations affecting the biliary tract including the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, the trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini and felineus, Clonorchis sinensis, Dicrocoeliasis and Fasciola hepatica, and the cestodes Echinococcus granulosus and multilocularis, also some protozoa can cause biliary tract disease as Cryptosporidium, and Giardiasis. Biliary parasites cause necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, strictures, and cholangiectasis of the bile ducts by several mechanisms:As a direct result of the irritating chemical composition of the parasite, parasitic secretions, or eggs;Physical obstruction of the bile ducts;Induction of formation of biliary stones(act as a nidus for stone); and Introduction of bacteria into the biliary system during migration from the duodenum.
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Parasites and Biliary stones Essay
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Dedication TO MY BELOVED DEAR MOTHE
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Abstract Gall stone disease remains
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MTBE : ML : Methyl tertiary butyl e
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Figure (14): Cystic echinococcosis:
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List of tables Table (1): Diagnosis
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Introduction ٢ Clonorchis sinensis
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Billiary parasites ٤ Billiary para
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Billiary parasites ٦ Treatment: Fi
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Ascariasis ٨ Ascariasis Ascariasis
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Ascariasis ١٠ migration. Symptoms
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Ascariasis ١٢ conditions, includi
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Fascioliasis ١٤ (Acuna-Soto and B
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Fascioliasis ١٦ can demonstrate p
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Fascioliasis ١٨ which is more phy
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Fascioliasis ٢٠ Figure (5): ERCP
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Clonorchiasis ٢٢ Clonorchiasis Cl
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Clonorchiasis ٢٤ correlate with t
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Clonorchiasis ٢٦ end is broad and
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Clonorchiasis ٢٨ 2003). Ultrasono
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Clonorchiasis ٣٠ The main indicat
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Opisthorchiasis ٣٢ Life cycle: Th
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Opisthorchiasis ٣٤ periductal fib
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Opisthorchiasis ٣٦ (Sirisinha, 19
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Dicrocoeliasis ٣٨ ganglion (brain
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Dicrocoeliasis ٤٠ assay for egg d
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Echinococcosis ٤٢ Echinococcosis
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Echinococcosis ٤٤ Adult worm infe
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Echinococcosis ٤٦ metacestodes in
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Echinococcosis ٤٨ Figure (15) (a)
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Echinococcosis ٥٠ relapsed after
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Cryptosporidiosis ٥٢ Cryptosporid
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Cryptosporidiosis ٥٤ malnutrition
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Cryptosporidiosis ٥٦ levels. If t
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Giardiasis ٥٨ the alkaline, prote
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Giardiasis ٦٠ diagnosis must be c
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Giardiasis ٦٢ used for 14 days (B
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Gallbladder stones ٦٤ stage is es
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Gallbladder stones ٦٦ Complicatio
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Gallbladder stones ٦٨ 25% within
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Choledocholithiasis ٧٠ encountere
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Choledocholithiasis ٧٢ The sympto
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Choledocholithiasis ٧٤ Patients w
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Choledocholithiasis ٧٦ and ERCP (
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Choledocholithiasis ٧٨ Figure (16
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Treatment of calcular obstructive j
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Page 98 and 99: Hepatolithiasis ٨٦ aerobes, sugge
Page 100 and 101: Hepatolithiasis ٨٨ Clinical pictu
Page 102 and 103: Hepatolithiasis ٩٠ dilatation). T
Page 104 and 105: Hepatolithiasis ٩٢ Hepatic resect
Page 106 and 107: Relationship between Ascaris and bi
Page 108 and 109: Relationship between clonorchis sin
Page 110 and 111: Relationship between opisthorchiasi
Page 112 and 113: Relationship between Echinococcosis
Page 114 and 115: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanc
Page 150 and 151: Summary and conclusion ١٣٨ Paras
Page 152 and 153: References ١٤٠ Aliperti G. (1996
Page 154 and 155: References ١٤٢ Badie, A. and Rod
Page 156 and 157: References ١٤٤ Binmoeller KF, Se
Page 158 and 159: References ١٤٦ Campo R, Manga-Go
Page 160 and 161: References ١٤٨ Cheung KL and Lai
Page 162 and 163: References ١٥٠ Costamagna G, Sha
Page 164 and 165: References ١٥٢ Ditrich O, Palkov
Page 166 and 167: References ١٥٤ Elkins DB, Mairia
Page 168 and 169: References ١٥٦ Flanagan PA. (199
Page 170 and 171: References ١٥٨ Giurgiu DIN and R
Page 172 and 173: References ١٦٠ Harinasuta C and
Page 174 and 175: References ١٦٢ Hixson LJ, Fenner
Page 176 and 177: References ١٦٤ Jastak JT and Pes
Page 178 and 179: References ١٦٦ Kaufman HS, Magnu
Page 180 and 181: References ١٦٨ Koumanidou C, Man
Page 182 and 183: References ١٧٠ Leung J, Sung JY,
Page 184 and 185: References ١٧٢ Lujan HD, Mowatt
Page 186 and 187: References ١٧٤ Menghebat L, Jian
Page 188 and 189: References ١٧٦ Nagano I, Pei F,
Page 190 and 191: References ١٧٨ relationship to t
Page 192 and 193: References ١٨٠ Ponchon T, Gagnon
Page 194 and 195: References ١٨٢ Rim HJ, Lyu KS, L
Page 196 and 197: References ١٨٤ Sato T, Suzuki N,
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References ١٨٦ Shemesh E, Czerni
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References ١٨٨ Stapfer M, Selby
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References ١٩٠ sphincterotomy in
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References ١٩٢ Upatham ES, Brokl
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References ١٩٤ Wermke W and Borg
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References ١٩٦ ProspecT Giardia
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ﺔﻳراﺮﻤﻟا تاﻮﺼﺤ
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