PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens PCR Detection of Microbial ...

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STEC PCR 183 20. Jackson, M. P., Neill, R.J., O’Brien, A. D., Holmes, R. K., and Newland, J. W. (1987) Nucleotide sequence analysis and comparison of the structural genes for shiga-like toxin I and shiga-like toxin II encoded by bacteriophages from Escherichia coli 933. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 44, 109–114. 21. WHO Consultation on Selected Emerging Food-borne Diseases (1995). Berlin, Germany, March 20–24, WHO/CDS/VPH / 95.142. 22. Schmidt, H., Montag, M., Bockemühl, J., Heesemann, J., and Karch, H. (1993) Shiga-like toxin II related cytotoxins in Citrobacter freundii strains from humans and bovine beef samples. Infect. Immunol. 61, 534–543. 23. Karch, H. and Meyer, T. (1989) Single primer pair for amplifying segments of distinct Shiga-like-toxin genes by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27, 2751–2757. 24. Cebula, T. A., Payne, W. I., and Feng, P. (1995) Simultaneous identification of strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and their shiga-like toxin type by mismatch amplification mutation assey- multiplex PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 248–250. 25. Rüssmann, H., Kothe, E., Schmidt, H., et al. (1995) Genotyping of Shiga-like toxin genes in non-O157 Escherichia coli strains associated with haemolytic uraemic syndrome. J. Med. Microbiol. 42, 404–410. 26. Schmidt, H., Rüssmann, H., Schwarzkopf, A., Aleksic’, S., Heesemann, J., and Karch, H. (1994). Prevalence of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli in stool samples from patients and controls. Zbl. Bact. 281, 201–213. 27. Schmitt, C. K., McKee, M. L., and O’Brien, A. D. (1991) Two copies of shigalike-toxin II-related genes common in enterohe morrhagic Escherichia coli strains are responsible for the antigenic heterogeneity of the O157:H- strain E32511. Infect.Immun. 59, 1065–1073. 28. Weinstein, D. L., Jackson, M. P., Samuel, J. E., Holmes, R. K., and O’Brien, A. D. (1988) Cloning and sequencing of a shiga-like toxin type II variant from an Escherichia coli strain responsible for Edema disease of swine. J. Bacteriol. 170, 4223–4230. 29. Pierard, D., Muyldermans, G., Moriau, L., Stevens, D., and Lauwers, S. (1998) Identification of new Verocytotoxin type 2 variant B-subunit genes in human and animal Escherichia coli isolates. J. Clin.Microbiol. 36, 3317–3322. 30. Schmidt, H., Scheef, J., Morabito, St., Caprioli, A., Whieler, L., and Karch, H. (2000) A new Shiga toxin 2 variant (Stx 2f) from Escherichia coli isolated from pigeons. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 1205–1208. 31. Karch, H., Schubert, S., Zhang, D., Schmidt, H., Ölschläger, T., and Hacker, J. (1999) A genomic island, termed High-Pathogenicity Island, is present in certain Non O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli clonal lineages. Infect. Immunol. 67, 5994–6001. 32. Savarino, S. J., Fasano, A., Watson, J., et al. (1993) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin I represents another subfamily of E. coli heatstable toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 3093–3097. 33. Beutin, L., Prada, J., Zimmermann, S., Stephan, R., Orskov, I., and Orskov, F. (1988) Enterohemolysin, a new type of hemolysin produced by some strains of
184 Gallien enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Zentralbl. Bacteriol. Microbiol. Hyg. A 267, 576–588. 34. Adu-Bobie, J., Frankel, G., Bain, Ch., et al. (1998) Detection of intimins α, β, γ, and δ, four intimin derivatives expressed by attaching and effacing microbial pathogens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 662–668. 35. Schmidt, H., and Karch, H. (1996) Enterohemolytic phenotypes and genotypes of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111 strains from patients with diarrhoea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 2364–2367. 36. Schmidt, H., Kernbach, C., and Karch, H. (1996). Analysis of the EHEC hly operon and its location in the physical map of the large plasmid of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7. Microbiology 142, 907–914. 37. Brunder, W., Schmidt, H., and Karch, H. (1996) katP, a novel catalase-peroxidase encoded by the large plasmid of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Microbiology 142, 3305–3315. 38. Brunder, W., Schmidt, H., and Karch, H. (1997) EspP, a novel extracellular serine protease of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 cleaves human coagulation factor V. Molec. Microbiol. 24, 767–778. 39. Schmidt, H., Henkel, H., and Karch, H. (1997) A gene cluster closely related to type II secretion pathway operons of Gram-negative bacteria is located on the large plasmid of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 strains. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 148, 265–272. 40. Hofinger, C., Karch, H. , and Schmidt, H. (1998) Structure and function of plasmid pColD 157 of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 and its distribution among strains from patients with diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 24–29. 41. Schmidt, H., Scheef, J., Janetzki-Mittmann, C., Datz, M., and Karch, H. (1997) An ileX tRNA gene is located close to the shiga toxin II operon in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 and non-O157 strains. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 149, 39–44. 42. Gallien, P., Klie, H., Perlberg, K-W., and Protz, D. (1996) Einsatz von Nylon Membranen zur gezielten Isolierung und Charakterisierung Verotoxin-bildender Escherichia coli mittels DNA-Sonden. Berl. Münch. Tierärtzl. Wschr. 109, 431–433. 43. Gallien, P., Much, Ch., Perlberg, K.-W. und Protz, D. (1999) Subtypisierung von stx-Genen in Shigatoxin-produzierenden Escherichia coli (STEC). Fleischwirtschaft 6, 99–103. 44. Schmidt, H., Rüssmann, H., and Karch, H. (1993) Virulence determinants in nontoxinogenic Escherichia coli O157 strains that cause infantile diarrhoea. Infect. Immunol. 61, 4894–4898. 45. Oswald, E., Schmidt, H., Morabito, S., Karch, H., Marches, O., and Caprioli, A. (2000) Typing of intimin genes in human and animal enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: Characterization of a new intimin variant. Infect. Immunol. 68, 64–71. 46. Gallien, P., Karch, H., Much, Ch., et al. (2000) Subtypisierung von eae-Genen in Shigatoxin-produzierenden Escherichia coli (STEC). Fleischwirtschaft 2, 84–89.
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TM Methods in Molecular Biology VOL
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4 Sachse 2. Selection of Target Seq
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Table 1 Target Sequences Used in PC
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8 Sachse Fig. 1. Structural organiz
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10 Sachse proteins (66-68), invasio
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12 Sachse Since there appears to be
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14 Sachse In the context of identif
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16 Sachse to partially compensate t
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18 Sachse nostic potential of PCR.
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20 Sachse product has to be confirm
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22 Sachse 7. van Camp, G., Fierens,
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24 Sachse 33. Rappelli, P., Are, R.
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26 Sachse 60. Furrer, B., Candrian,
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28 Sachse 89. Bloch, W. (1991) A bi
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30 Sachse
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32 Rådström et al. Fig. 1. Illust
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34 Rådström et al. immunoglobulin
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36 Rådström et al. and the captur
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Table 2 Comparison of the Performan
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40 Rådström et al. explain these
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42 Rådström et al. 5.1. Proteins
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44 Rådström et al. neous. Consequ
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46 Rådström et al. 11. Powell, H.
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48 Rådström et al. 39. Katcher, H
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50 Rådström et al. 73. Nagai, M.,
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52 Hoorfar and Cook 2. FOOD-PCR: A
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54 Hoorfar and Cook Fig. 2. Practic
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56 Hoorfar and Cook Fig. 4. The str
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Table 58 3 Hoorfar and Cook Test Co
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60 Hoorfar and Cook The choosing an
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62 Hoorfar and Cook 10. Demanding L
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64 Hoorfar and Cook 15. Anon. (1995
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66 Lübeck and Hoorfar ods for the
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68 Lübeck and Hoorfar amplificatio
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70 Lübeck and Hoorfar It may be ne
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72 Lübeck and Hoorfar specificity
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74 Lübeck and Hoorfar The latter i
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76 Lübeck and Hoorfar A simple che
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78 Lübeck and Hoorfar 13. Hanai, K
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80 Lübeck and Hoorfar 43. Mitchell
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82 Lübeck and Hoorfar 70. Lawrence
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84 Lübeck and Hoorfar 98. Lantz, P
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88 Frey Table 1 Presence of the Var
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90 Frey 13. Lysis buffer: 100 mM Tr
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92 Frey as template for PCR. In add
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94 Frey strains, including all sero
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96 Frey
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98 Ewalt and Bricker (named for the
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100 Ewalt and Bricker 4. Ethidium b
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102 Ewalt and Bricker Primer Cockta
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104 Ewalt and Bricker Fig. 2. Typic
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106 Ewalt and Bricker with betaine
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108 Ewalt and Bricker unused ethidi
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110 Englen et al. which campylobact
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112 Englen et al. 18. Dehydrated cu
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114 Englen et al. 3.1.3. Fecal Samp
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116 Englen et al. respectively), an
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118 Englen et al. Fig. 1. Identific
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120 Englen et al. 3. Goossens, H.,
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122 Englen et al.
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124 Sachse and Hotzel Table 1 Compa
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126 Sachse and Hotzel Table 2 Prime
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128 Sachse and Hotzel 7. Phenol: sa
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130 Sachse and Hotzel 4. Vortex mix
Page 129 and 130: 132 Sachse and Hotzel Fig. 2. Speci
Page 131 and 132: 134 Sachse and Hotzel In the latter
Page 133 and 134: 136 Sachse and Hotzel 17. Longbotto
Page 135 and 136: 138 Popoff spastic paralysis. The g
Page 137 and 138: Table 3 Primers for Toxin Gene Dete
Page 139 and 140: 142 Popoff 18. Agarose gel loading
Page 141 and 142: 144 Popoff Taq reaction buffer 1X,
Page 143 and 144: 146 Popoff almost all C. perfringen
Page 145 and 146: 148 Popoff 2. Add to each PCR tube
Page 147 and 148: 150 Popoff 7. Hielm, S., Hyyttia, E
Page 149 and 150: 152 Popoff 35. Wieckowski, E., Bill
Page 151 and 152: 154 Berri et al. 2. Materials 1. C.
Page 153 and 154: 156 Berri et al. 3.3.2. Vaginal Swa
Page 155 and 156: 158 Berri et al. Fig. 1. Trans-PCR.
Page 157 and 158: 160 Berri et al. Fig. 3. Sensitivit
Page 159 and 160: 162 Berri et al.
Page 161 and 162: 164 Gallien The first description o
Page 163 and 164: 166 Gallien
Page 165 and 166: 168 Gallien 2. Materials 2.1. Bacte
Page 167 and 168: 170 Gallien 10. Ethidium bromide: 1
Page 169 and 170: Table 2 Components (in µL) of 25-
Page 171 and 172: Table 4 Components (in µL) of 25-
Page 173 and 174: 176 Gallien 3.3. Specific Isolation
Page 175 and 176: Table 6 PCR Conditions for Subtypin
Page 177 and 178: 180 Gallien Fig. 3. Photographic im
Page 179: 182 Gallien 3. Boyce, T. G., Swerdl
Page 183 and 184: 186 O'Connor This chapter will desc
Page 185 and 186: 188 O'Connor 2.2. PCR of Enriched F
Page 187 and 188: 190 O'Connor 4. Notes 1. In enrichi
Page 189 and 190: 192 O'Connor 4. O’Sullivan, N., F
Page 191 and 192: 194 Lester and LeFebvre titers (4).
Page 193 and 194: 196 Lester and LeFebvre 3.1.2. Samp
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Page 197 and 198: 200 Lester and LeFebvre 5. Swart, K
Page 199 and 200: 202 Skuce et al. Table 1 Significan
Page 201 and 202: 204 Skuce et al. commercial kits. E
Page 203 and 204: 206 Skuce et al. Fig. 1. Schematic
Page 205 and 206: 208 Skuce et al. 5. Disposable ster
Page 207 and 208: 210 Skuce et al. 2.5.2. Sequence An
Page 209 and 210: 212 Skuce et al. 2. Carefully trans
Page 211 and 212: Table 4 Recommended PCR Amplificati
Page 213 and 214: 216 Skuce et al. Fig. 3. PCR produc
Page 215 and 216: 218 Skuce et al. Fig. 5. Spoligotyp
Page 217 and 218: 220 Skuce et al. 14. Aranaz, A., Li
Page 219 and 220: 222 Skuce et al.
Page 221 and 222: 224 Khan Simultaneous detection of
Page 223 and 224: 226 Khan 10. Incubate for 20 min at
Page 225 and 226: 228 Khan 5. Periodically, multiplex
Page 227 and 228: 230 Khan
Page 229 and 230: 232 Hotzel et al. tis (2). Particul
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234 Hotzel et al. 8. Sodium dodecyl
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236 Hotzel et al. 3. Methods 3.1. D
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238 Hotzel et al. 3.1.5. Semen (see
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240 Hotzel et al. Fig. 1 Detection
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242 Hotzel et al. 4. Notes 1. The u
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244 Hotzel et al. in Mycoplasma Pro
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246 Hotzel et al.
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248 Kobisch and Frey PCR assay to d
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250 Kobisch and Frey Table 1 Oligon
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252 Kobisch and Frey 3.2.1. Prepara
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254 Kobisch and Frey First round of
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256 Kobisch and Frey References 1.
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258 Christensen et al. thrombotic m
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260 Christensen et al. Table 1 Spec
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Table 2 Oligonucleotide Primers for
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264 Christensen et al. 3.2. Extract
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Table 3 PCR Protocols for the Patho
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268 Christensen et al. 2. Apply fra
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270 Christensen et al. 7. To reduce
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272 Christensen et al. 24. Fisher,
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274 Christensen et al. 54. Hunt, M.
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276 Malorny and Helmuth valent meta
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278 Malorny and Helmuth 12. Apparat
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280 Malorny and Helmuth 3.3. Amplif
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282 Malorny and Helmuth Table 2 Vol
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284 Malorny and Helmuth Table 4 PCR
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286 Malorny and Helmuth 3. Wallace,
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288 Malorny and Helmuth
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290 Wastling and Mattsson is an imp
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292 Wastling and Mattsson 2. Remove
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294 Wastling and Mattsson Fig. 1. B
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296 Wastling and Mattsson time PCR
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298 Wastling and Mattsson
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300 Pozio and La Rosa Table 1 Princ
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302 Pozio and La Rosa regions; spot
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304 Pozio and La Rosa 3. Proteinase
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306 Pozio and La Rosa Table 3 PCR-R
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308 Pozio and La Rosa 2. Pepsin sho
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310 Pozio and La Rosa
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312 Knutsson and Rådström The ref
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314 Knutsson and Rådström Fig. 1.
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316 Knutsson and Rådström 2.4. El
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318 Knutsson and Rådström the swa
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320 Knutsson and Rådström Fig. 3.
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322 Knutsson and Rådström 4. Alek
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324 Knutsson and Rådström 34. Hee
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