PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens PCR Detection of Microbial ...

Pre-PCR Processing 49
56. Laigret, F., Deaville, J., Bove, J. M., and Bradbury, J. M. (1996) Specific detection
of Mycoplasma iowae using polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Cell. Probes 10,
23–29.
57. Pomp, D., and Medrano, J. F. (1991) Organic solvents as facilitators of polymerase
chain reaction. Biotechniques 10, 58–59.
58. Abu Al-Soud, W. (2000) Optimisation of diagnostic PCR: A study of PCR inhibitors
in blood and sample pretreatment. Doctoral thesis. Department of Applied
Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
59. Kreader, C. A. (1996) Relief of amplification inhibition in PCR with bovine
serum albumin or T4 gene 32 protein. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1102–1106.
60. Tsutsui, K., and Mueller, G.C. (1987) Hemin inhibits virion-associated reverse transcriptase
of murine leukemia virus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 149, 628–634.
61. Abu Al-Soud, W., and Rådström, P. (2000) Effects of amplification facilitators on
diagnostic PCR in the presence of blood, feces, and meat. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38,
4463–4470.
62. Topal, M. D., and Sinha, N. K. (1983) Products of bacteriophage T4 genes 32
and 45 improve the accuracy of DNA replication in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 258,
12,274–12,279.
63. Chandler, D. P., Wagnon, C. A., and Bolton, H., Jr. (1998) Reverse transcriptase
(RT) inhibition of PCR at low concentrations of template and its implications for
quantitative RT-PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 669–677.
64. Jordan, S. P., Zugay, J., Darke, P. L. and Kuo, L. C. (1992) Activity and dimerization
of human immunodeficiency virus protease as a function of solvent composition
and enzyme concentration. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20,028–20,032.
65. Wu, J. R., and Yeh, Y. C. (1973) Requirement of a functional gene 32 product of
bacteriophage T4 in UV.J. Virol. 12, 758–765.
66. Varadaraj, K., and Skinner, D .M. (1994) Denaturants or cosolvents improve the
specificity of PCR amplification of a G + C-rich DNA using genetically engineered
DNA polymerases. Gene 140, 1–5.
67. Lee, C. H., Mizusawa, H., and Kakefuda, T. (1981) Unwinding of double-stranded
DNA helix by dehydration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 2838–2842.
68. Dutton, C. M., Paynton, C., and Sommer, S. S. (1993) General method for amplifying
regions of very high G+C content. Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 2953–2954.
69. Innis, M. A., Myambo, K. B., Gelfand, D. H., and Brow, M. A. D. (1988) DNA
sequencing with Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and direct sequencing of
polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 85,
9436–9440.
70. Frackman, S., Kobs, G., Simpson, D., and Storts, D. (1998) Betaine and DMSO:
Enhancing agents for PCR. Promega Notes 27.
71. Henke, W., Herdel, K., Jung, K., Schnorr, D., and Loening, S.A. (1997) Betaine
improves the PCR amplification of GC-rich DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res.
25, 3957–3958.
72. Back, J. F., Oakenfull, D., and Smith, M. B. (1979) Increased thermal stability of
proteins in the presence of sugars and polyols. Biochemistry 18, 5191–5196.