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In England, like Count Alan, he acquired his lands step by step. When we compare his lands in Normandy and England, it is obvious that he held more lands in England. Whereas Roger Bigod held only a half knight’s fief in Normandy, he eventually acquired huge lands in England that were valued about £500 a year, making him a prominent tenant-in-chief of his time. As well as his many lands in Suffolk he was the most important tenant-in-chief in eastern Norfolk. 95 His honour became centred on Framlingham in Loes Hundred, Suffolk. 96 Judith Green describes him as multimillionaire of his time. The Conquest itself had thus elevated some men to unaccustomed wealth and power, and in a broader sense too there were growing opportunities for men to rise in the king’s service, the powerful royal ministry, men ‘raised from the dust’ to use Orderic Vitalis’s phrase. 97 Earl Hugh (Hugh Lupus or Hugh d’Avranches) was the son of Richard vicomte of Avranches. 98 Hugh was very young and his father was still alive when the lordship of Chester was given to him in the early 1070s. So at that time he did not himself have any lands in Normandy. Probably during the reign of William Rufus, Hugh married the daughter of Hugh count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis. 99 In Corbett’s categorization, Hugh was one of the Class A landholders. 100 Besides being lord of all land in Cheshire except the bishop’s, it is known that Hugh was charged with protecting the northern part of Yorkshire against possible threat from 95 Ibid., p. 85. 96 Sanders, English Baronies, pp. 46-7. 97 Davis, Normans and their Myth, p. 114; Green, Aristocracy, pp. 8-9. Roger Bigod is addressed as sheriff in a charter to Bury St Edmunds and probably frequently as Roger the Sheriff or R. the Sheriff in many other charters: Regesta (Bates), no. 40; he is a frequent witness: ibid., nos. 30, 50, 60, 110, 122, 146, 150, 175 (II), 176, 264, 266 (II), 267 (II), 301, 306, 312, 316, 318, 319, 331, 332. 98 Green, Aristocracy, p. 342; Douglas, William, p. 186. Earl Hugh’s lands in Normandy appear in Regesta (Bates), nos. 48, 49, 206; he was addressed in a charter to the abbey of Coventry: ibid., no. 104; his grants in England to St Evroult were confirmed: ibid., no. 255; his constable in Devon’s donations to Wesminster Abbey were confirmed: ibid., no. 324. He was also a very frequent witness in Normandy and England: ibid., nos. 22, 39, 46, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 59 (I) and (II), 60, 111, 115, 141, 141 (A), 150, 208, 220, 242, 264, 266 (II), 267 (II), 279, 290, 305, 306, 318, 319, 327. 99 Sanders, English Baronies, p. 32; Green, Aristocracy, p. 353. 35
Scandinavia or Scotland. 101 In addition to his lands in Cheshire and Yorkshire, he also held lands in Staffordshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Berkshire and other counties including Suffolk. 102 In Suffolk for example, Framlingham, which later became the caput of the Bigod family, was held by Earl Hugh in 1086. There may have been a connection between Roger Bigod and Earl Hugh going back to Normandy before 1066. 103 William of Warenne was probably a younger son of Rodulf lord of Varenne in Normandy. Before the Conquest there was already a relationship between William of Warenne and the Conqueror. He gave military support to Duke William in Normandy and received lands in reward. He married a sister of Gherbod, King William’s first appointment as lord of Chester after the rebellion of Edwin and Morcar. 104 The total value of his estates in England was more than £750 around 1086. 105 According to Orderic Vitalis, the value of his estates in 1101 was £1000 in silver. 106 A large part of his lands were in Sussex and his lands in eastern Suffolk were an insignificant part of his lands in England, but in western Norfolk he was the most important tenant-in-chief. 107 He had strong connections with some prominent people. Odo of Champagne, for example, was his brother-in-law. Later on, in 1088 as a result of his loyal service he became the earl of Surrey. 108 When he died, his son William II de Warenne inherited this earldom. 109 100 Corbett, “Development of Duchy of Normandy and Norman Conquest”, p. 511. 101 Green, Aristocracy, p. 51. 102 Ibid., pp. 74-5, 86-7, 91, 115, 161, 277. 103 Ibid., pp. 84 & 84n, 193, 153. 104 Green, Aristocracy, pp. 31, 352. William de Warenne’s grants to Lewes Priory were confirmed by William I: Regesta (Bates), no. 176. His lands were involved in a suit of the abbey of Ely, 1071-5: ibid., no. 117. He witnessed a few of William I’s charters: ibid., nos. 54, 221. 105 Clarke, English Nobility, p. 162. 106 Wareham, “Feudal Revolution”, p. 318. 107 Sanders, English Baronies, pp. 128-9; Green, Aristocracy, p. 85. 108 Ibid., p. 277; Barlow, William Rufus, p. 167. 109 Ibid., p. 93. For information on the honour of Warenne family see, Loyd, Some Anglo-Norman Families, pp. 19, 35, 48; for the caput of Warenne family in Normandy see ibid., 56. 36
Page 1 and 2: I certify that I have read this the
Page 3 and 4: CONQUEST, COLONIZATION AND CULTURAL
Page 5 and 6: ÖZET Onbir ve onüçüncü yüzyı
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION…
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF MAPS MAP 1: Suffolk and sur
Page 11 and 12: central place of the eleventh centu
Page 13 and 14: Bartlett would argue that political
Page 15 and 16: Almost all the population, except f
Page 17 and 18: Ecclesiastical personnel, just as m
Page 19 and 20: The competitiveness of the duke and
Page 21 and 22: ailey, castles was that they were h
Page 23 and 24: the Norman Conquest in a rather dif
Page 25 and 26: means that southern and eastern Eng
Page 27 and 28: wooded, except in the north-west. P
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 1 MIGRANTS, NATIVES AND NAM
Page 33 and 34: Adelaide countess of Aumale Norman
Page 35 and 36: Table-4: Loes Hundred. chiefs Names
Page 37 and 38: Total Value £21 5s 9d The replacem
Page 39 and 40: king’s lands were contained in ju
Page 41 and 42: tanner, none of which may have been
Page 43: hundred manors in eleven different
Page 47 and 48: conquered country. Together with Od
Page 49 and 50: lands in Cambridgeshire, Essex, Her
Page 51 and 52: Corbett, Walter Giffard was a Class
Page 53 and 54: Beuvriere in the lordship of Holder
Page 55 and 56: he visited Pope Alexander II on beh
Page 57 and 58: Simeon abbot of Ely Hervey Biturice
Page 59 and 60: had been commended to the abbey of
Page 61 and 62: Ralph the Staller was an antecessor
Page 63 and 64: Denmark or “from the Fens”. 180
Page 65 and 66: freemen’s commendation to pre-106
Page 67 and 68: East Anglia was not a dramatic chan
Page 69 and 70: were Carlford and Colneis. Bishop
Page 71 and 72: Table 9: Soc and commendation in Pa
Page 73 and 74: 1086 land of Roger Bigod. 1086 valu
Page 75 and 76: Parham 5 (cont.) of free land. 1066
Page 77 and 78: Wantisden 7 Wantisden 8 1086 land o
Page 79 and 80: into the eleventh century. It is no
Page 81 and 82: In general, all the lands that Ralp
Page 83 and 84: Although some or many of the Edrics
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 3 KNIGHTS, CASTLES AND CHUR
Page 89 and 90: Suffolk, but either they were not l
Page 91 and 92: Table 12: Castles in Suffolk 1066-1
Page 93 and 94: aristocratic society did have the e
Page 95 and 96:
perhaps exceptional example of this
Page 97 and 98:
secular collegiate church of Hoxne.
Page 99 and 100:
certain small grants he conceded
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CONCLUSION In this thesis, I looked
Page 104 and 105:
system in Normandy. They were chang
Page 106 and 107:
Primary Sources BIBLIOGRAPHY Blythb
Page 108 and 109:
Davis, R. H. C., King Stephen, 3 rd
Page 110:
Sanders, I. J., English Baronies: A
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