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Therefore it was not implausible for him to present himself as a champion of church
reform in 1066. 240
Let us now examine the church in Suffolk in the century after 1066, starting
with the changes in personnel at the leading pre-Conquest ecclesiastical institutions.
In 1066 the bishopric of East Anglia, then centred at North Elmham, was held by
Aethelmar, the brother of Archbishop Stigand. Aethelmar was deposed by papal
legates in 1070 and replaced by the Norman, Herfast. At the time of Domesday
Book, as we have seen, Herfast had been succeeded by William de Beaufour, who in
turn was succeeded in 1091 by another Norman, Herbert Losinga. 241 At Bury St
Edmunds, the Frenchman, Baldwin, who had already been abbot since 1065,
remained so until his death in 1097/8 when he was replaced by Norman, one of the
sons of Earl Hugh of Chester. At Ely, the abbots were English, Thurstan and
Theodwine, until 1075/6. Then after a long vacancy, the Norman Simeon was
appointed and was abbot from 1082-93. 242 Despite the fact that there was a
replacement of the heads of ecclesiastical institutions, many of the lesser members,
clergy and monks, probably continued to be English.
After 1066 some ecclesiastics who came from the Continent were not given
office in England, but were given lands, for example, Gilbert bishop of Evreux,
Judicael the Priest (if he really was a priest) and Odo bishop of Bayeux. Some
Norman monasteries acquired newly founded, dependent monasteries in England,
such as Eye Priory, which was founded around 1080 as dependent on the Norman
abbey of Bernay, and Stoke by Clare Priory that was founded around 1090 as
dependent on the Norman abbey of Bec Hellouin. After 1100, there is only one,
239 Douglas, William, p. 170.
240 Bates, Normandy Before 1066, pp. 198-208; Douglas, William, pp. 105-6.
241 Norwich Episcopal Acta, pp. xxvi-xxix.
242 Knowles, Brooke & London, Heads of Religious Houses, i, pp. 32, 45.
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