Vol. 15 - Deutsches Primatenzentrum

Page 62 Lemur News Vol. 15, 2010
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
Anjanaharibe-Sud
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Morontandrano
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Ambatovaky
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Zahamena
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Betampona
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Anjozorobe
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Mantadia
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
Andasibe
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Maromizaha
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Anosibe an'ala
-0,5 -0,3 -0,1 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9
Relationship Coefficients
Parent-Offspring Full Sibling Half Sibling
Unrelated All Populations
Fig. 4: Distributions of relationship coefficients estimated in
each population overlaid on a simulation of 10,000 known
genotypes and pedigreed relationships (Queller and Goodnight,
1989).
a significantly high FIS estimate. Considering relationship
among the samples as one manner of capturing inbreeding,all
populations show some degree of relationship above what
would be expected if the sampled individuals were unrelated.
This is not surprising since samples were collected as found
and this could include individuals that are members of a family
group which is supported by the relationship coefficient
distributions in Fig. 2.
All populations demonstrated some degree of recent reduction
in the effective population sizes.The bottlenecks did not
appear to have been a single global event as different populations
showed differing degrees to which the bottlenecks
were detected. Using Lawler’s (2008) 4*Neb*generations,
the bottlenecks detected would have had an expected window
of occurrence of up to 250 to 800 years ago, within the
timeframe of human encroachment. Hence, we postulate
that among other things, anthropogenic disturbances,
whether habitat destruction or subsistence hunting, may
have influenced the demographic reduction that we detected
in the bottleneck test. These baseline values could be useful
in long-term or future studies to determine genetic health
trends over time under various forest or habitat conditions.
Genetic diversity is considered to be the most important
factor in determining the genetic health of a species or population.Among
the lemurs,there is little information in the literature
that addresses the genetic diversity estimations for
multiple populations of a given species. Ranaivoarisoa et al.
(2010) found the observed heterozygosity in three of four
Eulemur collaris populations to be higher than the expected
heterozygosity. In E. coronatus, Ramanamahefa et al. (2010a)