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NOTES TO PAGES 35–41
61. Quoted in Morgan, Reds, 171.
62. Dina Garmong, “We the Living and the Rosenbaum Family Letters,” in Mayhew,
Essays on Ayn Rand’s We the Living, 72.
63. B. Branden, The Passion of Ayn Rand, 122–23.
64. “Russian Triangle,” Cincinnati Times-Star, July 5, 1936; Ben Belitt, “The Red and
the White,” The Nation, April 22, 1936; “Days of the Red Terror,” Toronto Globe, May 9,
1936. Discussion of the novel’s reviews can be found in Michael S. Berliner, “Reviews of
We the Living,” in Mayhew, Essays on Ayn Rand’s We the Living.
65. Elsie Robinson, “Listen World: So This Is Communism!,” Philadelphia News, July 8, 1936.
66. M. Geraldine Ootts to AR, April 5, 1937, ARP 073–06x.
67. O. O. McIntyre, “New York Day by Day,” syndicated column, June 9, 1936. We the
Living did better overseas and in 1942 was even pirated by an Italian fi lmmaker, who made
it into a two-part movie, Noi Vivi and Addio Kira. Rand was originally outraged by the
theft but then pleased to learn the fi lm had been banned by Italian authorities as antifascist.
R. W. Bradford has cast doubt on this claim, suggesting Rand embellished the story
for dramatic effect or misunderstood the fi lm’s history. After suing for lost royalties she
eventually recovered a print of the fi lm, which she partially edited and rewrote. In 1988 a
posthumous “author’s version” with English subtitles was released as We the Living.
68. Roosevelt quoted in Alan Brinkley, The End of Reform: New Deal Liberalism in
Recession and War (New York: Knopf, 1995), 10, and David Kennedy, Freedom from Fear:
The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York: Oxford University
Press, 1999), 104.
69. AR to Ruth Morris, July 2, 1936, ARP 98–03C.
70. Rand’s letter is quoted in John Temple Graves, “This Morning,” Citizen (Asheville,
N.C.), August 26, 1936.
71. Alan Brinkley, Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great
Depression (New York: Knopf, 1982).
Chapter 2
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1. Biographical Interview 11, February 15, 1961.
2. Biographical Interview 11. Rand’s division of the world into two types of people
closely followed the analysis of Ortega y Gasset in Revolt of the Masses, which Rand read
during this time. Ortega y Gasset emphasized a distinction between mass-man, “who
does not value himself . . . and says instead that he is ‘just like everybody else,’ ” and the
select individual, “who demands more from himself than do others.” Revolt of the Masses
(Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1985), 7.
3. Biographical Interview 10, January 26, 1961.
4. See discussion in Walter Kaufmann, Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist,
Antichrist (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974), especially chapter 3.
Nietzsche’s phrase is on 109. There is a long-running discussion among Rand scholars
about the extent and meaning of her connection to Nietzsche. The evidence of
his infl uence on her is incontrovertible, but many scholars focus on Rand’s explicit
rejection of Nietzsche’s Dionysius and her dislike of The Birth of Tragedy, arguing that
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