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312 NOTES TO PAGES 92–95
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45. Jane E. Thompson to AR, August 21, 1944, ARP 036–01A; Betty Andree to AR,
February 23, 1946, ARP 036–01C; AR to DeWitt Emery, May 17, 1943, Letters, 42.
46. Thad Horton to AR, December 18, 1945, ARP 036–01H; Louise Bailey to AR,
August 15, 1950, ARP 036–01H; Jane E. Thompson to AR, August 21, 1944, ARP 036–01A.
47. Herbert A. Bulgerin, in Bobbs-Merrill to AR, August 23, 1943, ARP 102–17x; PFC
Gerald James to AR, July 29, 1945 ARP 036–01B. For Rand’s response to James, see Letters,
228. Mrs. Leo (Edna) Koretsky to AR, January 10, 1946, ARP 036–01A.
48. AR to DeWitt Emery, May 17, 1943, Letters, 73.
49. Ayn Rand, “Dear Mr.———,” undated fund-raising letter, circa 1942, ARP
146-PO4.
50. Ruth Austin to AR, undated, 1946, ARP 036–01F. Rand’s responses to Austin are
in Letters, 287–89, 293–96, 303–4. Alden E. Cornell to AR, 1947, ARP036–01D; Edward W.
Greenfi eld to AR, October 15, 1957, ARP 100–11x. As the historian Alan Brinkley notes, even
at the height of the New Deal there was a strong popular impulse to “defend the autonomy
of the individual and the independence of the community against encroachments from
the modern industrial state.” Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and the Great
Depression (New York: Knopf, 1982), xi. In 1935, 60 percent of Americans told the Gallup
polling organization that government relief expenditures were “too great,” and during the
recession of 1937, only 37 percent supported increased state spending “to help get business
out of its current slump.” Although these early polls must be treated with caution,
the antigovernment attitudes they register, across a variety of topics and years, cannot be
ignored. See Alec M. Gallup, The Gallup Poll Cumulative Index: Public Opinion, 1935–1997
(Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1999), especially 1–197. In his brief discussion of
Rand, Michael Szalay links The Fountainhead’s antistatism to similar attitudes in Gertrude
Stein and Ernest Hemingway. Szalay, New Deal Modernism: American Literature and the
Invention of the Welfare State (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000), 75–121.
51. Excerpt from James Ingebretsen letter to Leonard Read is included in Read to
AR, December 17, 1943, ARP 139-F1x; John Chamberlain, A Life with the Printed Word,
(Chicago: Regnery Gateway, 1982), 136.
52. Ayn Rand and Oswald Garrison Villard, “Wake Up America: Collectivism or
Individualism: Which One Promises Postwar Progress?,” Cincinnati Post, October 19,
1943. The article was part of a syndicated series developed by Fred G. Clark for the
American Economic Foundation and it ran nationwide in October 1943. Ayn Rand,
“The Only Road to Tomorrow,” Reader’s Digest, January 1944, 88–90. Rand was furious
to discover that the published article had been altered from her original, primarily by
softening her language and omitting mention of Stalin as a totalitarian dictator. See AR
to DeWitt Wallace, December 8, 1943, ARP 138-C4x. Rand had sold the article to the
Committee for Constitutional Government, a conservative organization headed for a
time by Norman Vincent Peale. The CCG placed her article in Reader’s Digest and split
the fee with her. See Ed Rumely to AR, November 1, 1943, ARP 138-C4x. The ideological
orientation of Reader’s Digest is described in Joanne P. Sharp, Condensing the Cold War:
Reader’s Digest and American Identity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
2000). AR to Archie Ogden, May 6, 1943, Letters, 67.
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