European Customer Technology Centers - Delphi

REFERENCE FUELS
EPA / CARB – Diesel Reference Fuel US – Gasoline Reference Fuel
Parameter Unit EPA / CARB specs
Cetane - Min 40 / 47
Distillation 10% °F (°C) 400 - 460 (204 - 238) / 400 - 490
Distillation 50% °F (°C) 470 - 540 (242 - 282) / 470 - 560
Distillation 90% °F (°C) 560 - 630 (293 - 332) / 550 - 610
FBP °F (°C) 610 - 690 (321 - 366) / 580 - 660
Flash point °F (°C) 130 (54) / 130 (54)
Viscosity at 40°C mm
1) Ultra low Sulphur Diesel: 15 ppm, phase-in from 2006: 80% of on-highway
diesel fuel. The 20 % allowance at 500 ppm expires end of 2009.
Sulphur < 500 ppm fuel required in pre MY 2007 heavy duty
2) Refiner can choose either of Cetane and aromatics requirements
Off-Highway diesel:
CARB Phase 3 uses ethanol as an oxygenate
EPA: Unregulated until 2007. Non road diesel fuel meets ASTM D975.
1) EPA: Sulphur reduced to 15 – 80 ppm. 100% in 2006
Max Sulphur: 5000 ppm but common Sulphur level ≤ 2000 ppm.
From 2007: Max Sulphur: 500 ppm. From 2010: Max sulphur: 15 ppm
Texas: CARB standards required
CARB: From 01 June 06: Max sulfur: 15 ppm except Locomotives and Marine (1/2007)
Small refinery provisions are available each year
2) RVP for altitude testing: 7.6-8.0 psi or 52-55 kPa
2 /s 2.0 - 3.2 / 2.0 - 4.1
Aromatics 2) % vol 35 / 10
Sulphur ppm 300 - 500 1) Parameter US ASTM D4814 CARB Phase 3
MON/RON - 82/87
(MON + RON ) / 2, min 93 91
RVP (kPA) @ 7,8 °C
/ 500
2) 55.2 - 63.4 46.8 - 48.3
FBP (°F) 415 390
T10 (°F) 120 - 135 130 - 150
T50 (°F) 200 - 230 203 - 220
T90 (°F) 300 - 325 295 - 330
Lead (g/l) Max 0.013 0
Sulfur (ppm) Max 1000 1) 30 - 40
Benzene (% vol) Max - 0.8 - 1
Aromatics (% vol) Max
Olefins (% vol) Max
35
10
22 - 35
4 - 10
Fuels
49