Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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Project code: OZ0138C Project title: A longitudinal study of faecal excretion of VTEC O157 in cattle to determine epidemiological patterns and risk factors associated with excretion Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/10/1998 End date (dd/mm/yy): 31/01/2005 £2,242,139 Total cost: Affiliation: VLA Sub-contractor(s): Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Central Public Health Laboratory, London Project code: OZ0145 University of Liverpool Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Research Unit (VEERU), School of Agriculture and Policy Development, University of Reading Project title: VTEC O157 on farm control: Effective measures, perception and risk communication Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/10/05 End date (dd/mm/yy): 31/03/08 £210,125 Total cost: Affiliation: VLA Sub-contractor(s): N/A Abstract of research OZ0138 The objective of the project was to map and explore the epidemiology of VTEC O157 in cattle, which at the beginning of the project was unknown. The aim was to develop strategies for control of VTEC O157 in cattle to ultimately reduce disease in humans. The project revealed that 38.7% of English and Welsh cattle herds were infected with VTEC O157 and young-stock between 3 and 18 months of age were high-risk animals. VTEC O157 was intermittently excreted by individual animals and the group status also appeared to be interchangeable, which highlighted the importance of environmental reservoirs. An individual animal is more likely to be infected if it is dirty, fed milk, VTEC is detected in the drinking water or if persistent shedding animals are in the same group. The risk for a group increases if it is Campylobacter positive, the bedding is wet, fed straw or the group is large, whereas assessing the bedding daily, presence of springs and poultry as well as raised awareness about VTEC O157 reduced the prevalence in 96
young-stock. The effect of control measures, that targeted at various combinations of the above risk factors and potential environmental reservoirs, was assessed in a randomised controlled trial. A visual effect of a package consisting of clean and dry near-environment and animals, avoiding introduction into groups and overall farm-level biosecurity measures was identified, albeit the cost of implementation of the whole package was much higher than the economic benefits to society. OZ0145 OZ0145 provided additional value of the data collected under OZ0138 by identifying and describing compliance and motivation factors present during the trial and adjusting for these in the statistical models, yielding evidence that dry bedding, closed rearing groups, closed herd policy and no contact with other cattle reduced VTEC in a group of cattle over a period of 4.5 months. These results were disseminated via presentations aimed at farmers, private veterinarians, articles in trade and scientific journals and presentations at international conferences. The data was also used to examine excretion patterns, coexistence and risk factors of VTEC, Campylobacter and Coccidia in young cattle for a period of 6-8 months and revealed that Campylobacter increased the risk of VTEC excretion, changing water in troughs reduced both Campylobacter and Coccidia and that large herds were more likely to harbor all three pathogens. The prevalence over time was also used to validate a stochastic model of transmission of VTEC within a beef herd, which was produced to test potential future interventions. The farmers from the trial were revisited and interviewed about control of zoonses present on their farms, their concerns and their attitudes and constraints in applying control measures and their opinions of responsibility and financing safe cattle products. The main constraints were lack of knowledge, lack of belief in self-efficacy and no financial flexibility within the enterprise, but in general the attitudes towards improving food safety were very positive. The project will proceed to review risk factors and control strategies for several zoonotic agents important for cattle aged 3-24 months of age to work towards a combined zoonotic control package. Review Summary Project OZ0138 produced valuable data on the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle in England and Wales. At the time of commissioning, the incidence of human VTEC O157 disease had been increasing and this research provided essential data on the epidemiology of this organism in the UK. Results also complemented the work carried out by the Scottish Agricultural College, showing colonisation of calves occurs ‗postrumen‘ for E. coli O157. Risk factors for cattle herds becoming infected with E. coli O157 were identified; while this indicated that some measures could be taken to reduce the risk of cattle excreting E. coli O157, elimination of the organism is not currently possible. However, the work contributed to the clean livestock at slaughter policy. Interventions identified in project OZ0138 were trialled in the follow-on project, OZ0145, and the motivators for uptake of control measures by farmers assessed. The project showed that changes to young-stock management, including keeping bedding dry and avoiding introduction of new animals to established herds can reduce VTEC O157 on cattle farms. Integration of measures to reduce risk of E. coli O157 infection with those to reduce the risk from other pathogens may be more likely to be taken up by farmers than a series of individual packages. This indicates that a more holistic approach to communication may be more appropriate than the current approach of communicating one aspect of food production at a time. 97
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Contents Section A - Introduction..
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Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses (
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Plans for taking forward these prio
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Policy Objectives The key policy ob
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Figure 2. Laboratory reports of Sal
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Figure 4. Laboratory reports of Cam
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6. Aims of the FBZ research review
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Section B - Review Summaries 16
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epidemiology of Salmonella and anti
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There is a need to objectively asse
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2. Campylobacter review summary 2.1
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for this organism. Research within
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3. E. coli review summary 3.1 Succe
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4. Other zoonotic pathogens of inte
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Annex 1 - Projects Reviewed 30
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OZ0311 Conventional versus capillar
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OZ0402 OZ0404 OZ0405 OZ0407 OZ0604
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OZ0704 OZ0705 OZ0706 OZ0707 Quantif
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Annex 2 - Project Abstracts and Pro
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To test the suitability of the AFLP
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Project code: OZ0324 Project title:
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Project code: OZ0311 Project title:
Page 46 and 47: Review Summary The knowledge that t
Page 48 and 49: Review Summary The project was felt
Page 50 and 51: Project code: OZ0317 Project title:
Page 52 and 53: It is clear that the EC legislative
Page 54 and 55: if the vaccines currently available
Page 56 and 57: Four published papers have come out
Page 58 and 59: Review Summary This epidemiological
Page 60 and 61: Project code: OZO316 Project title:
Page 64 and 65: agricultural industry/public health
Page 66 and 67: testing laboratories. In addition,
Page 68 and 69: animal pathogen but is a human path
Page 70 and 71: esearch has also substantially impr
Page 72 and 73: to elucidate the antigenic repertoi
Page 74 and 75: and have contributed to our underst
Page 76 and 77: Fundamental issues concerning the f
Page 78 and 79: Review summary Project OZ0606 focus
Page 80 and 81: Abstract of research OZ0608 The ado
Page 82 and 83: thinning process for molecular trac
Page 84 and 85: Project code: LK0665 Project title:
Page 86 and 87: Review summary While poultry meat i
Page 88 and 89: Review summary A key aim of this pr
Page 90 and 91: Review summary This project aimed t
Page 102 and 103: Abstract of research Projects OZ070
Page 104 and 105: produced were both relevant and imp
Page 106 and 107: List of External Reviewers. Mr. Pau
Page 108 and 109: Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 110 and 111: Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 112 and 113: Annex 5 - Review Timetable 112
Page 114 and 115: 11.45 - 12.00 Bovine and Porcine Fo
Page 116: Campylobacter Other 11.50 - 12.05 P
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