Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses Research ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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Project code: OZ0144 Project title: Constraints to uptake of adequate biosecurity on UK cattle and sheep farms, with special reference to zoonotic diseases Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/06/2002 End date (dd/mm/yy): 31/12/2003 Total cost: £113,279 Affiliation: The University of Reading Sub-contractor(s): The Scottish Agricultural College Inverness Abstract of research The overall objective of the project is to identify and rank the main constraints, including economic constraints, to the implementation of adequate biosecurity measures on UK cattle and sheep farms. The measures we consider are mainly aimed at the control of potentially zoonotic diseases, but also include biosecurity for other animal infections, in terms of the spread to human population and within and between livestock populations on UK cattle and sheep farms. Our final objective is to make recommendations that would enhance such implementation. One of the aims of the Defra Research and Development Strategy is to guarantee the safety of human food that originates from livestock. It is envisaged that an improved understanding of biosecurity constraints will lead to the formulation of recommendations at both farm and policy level, on how to increase the implementation of biosecurity measures on these farm. These recommendations will, in turn, contribute to the aims of Defra‘s R&D policy by enhancing food safety. Review Summary At the time of commissioning, this was a novel study aiming to identify the constraints to implementation of biosecurity on UK cattle and sheep farms. The major barriers and drivers for implementation of biosecurity were determined through interviews with both farmers and veterinarians. This project highlighted the difficulties in getting across the biosecurity message and supports the view that true partnership is required to deliver this message. The identification of costs and benefits of controls have been incorporated in other projects within the overall zoonoses research programme to address some of the knowledge gaps. 98
Project code: OZ0707 Project title: Identification of factors mediating intestinal colonisation of cattle by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Start date (dd/mm/yy): 01/10/1999 End date (dd/mm/yy): 11/04/2007 £603,124 Total cost: Affiliation: Institute for Animal Health, Compton. Sub-contractor(s): None Abstract of research Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) comprise a group of zoonotic diarrhoeal pathogens of worldwide importance. Human infections are frequently caused by direct or indirect contact with ruminant faeces and may be complicated by haemorrhagic colitis and life-threatening renal and neurological sequelae. Strategies to reduce the prevalence of EHEC in ruminants are predicted to lower the incidence of human infections; however the molecular mechanisms influencing intestinal colonisation of food-producing hosts by EHEC are ill-defined. Defra-funded research conducted under project OZ0707 aimed to understand this process in greater detail and to exploit the knowledge to develop, test and refine novel methods of disease control. The research involved the most comprehensive survey for EHEC virulence factors performed to date and yielded valuable insights that could not have been obtained in surrogate rodent or cell-based assays. The project involved targeted and genome-wide mutagenesis of E. coli O157:H7 and analysis of wild-type and mutant strains in vitro and in bovine oral challenge, ligated intestinal loop and ex vivo organ culture assays. The information led to the testing of several subunit vaccines in cattle and has been disseminated via numerous high-impact publications, review articles and invited lectures. Review Summary This research has contributed to the evidence base for VTEC O157 and to the development of improved methods of control. The study provided baseline data on the mechanisms of colonization in cattle with E. coli O157 and showed that it might be difficult to develop functional vaccines. The work was carried out to a high scientific standard and resulted in several publications in high-impact journals. Major colonization factors of E. coli O157 were identified but vaccination studies with purified antigen indicated, however, that colonization was not inhibited even in the presence of high-titre antibodies against these adhesion factors. The results indicated that the way forward may be to construct non-pathogenic probiotic strains that might occupy the niche which is currently used by pathogenic E. coli O157. 99
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Contents Section A - Introduction..
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Review of the Food-borne Zoonoses (
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Plans for taking forward these prio
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Policy Objectives The key policy ob
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Figure 2. Laboratory reports of Sal
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Figure 4. Laboratory reports of Cam
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6. Aims of the FBZ research review
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Section B - Review Summaries 16
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epidemiology of Salmonella and anti
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There is a need to objectively asse
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2. Campylobacter review summary 2.1
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for this organism. Research within
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3. E. coli review summary 3.1 Succe
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4. Other zoonotic pathogens of inte
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Annex 1 - Projects Reviewed 30
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OZ0311 Conventional versus capillar
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OZ0402 OZ0404 OZ0405 OZ0407 OZ0604
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OZ0704 OZ0705 OZ0706 OZ0707 Quantif
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Annex 2 - Project Abstracts and Pro
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To test the suitability of the AFLP
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Project code: OZ0324 Project title:
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Project code: OZ0311 Project title:
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Review Summary The knowledge that t
Page 48 and 49: Review Summary The project was felt
Page 50 and 51: Project code: OZ0317 Project title:
Page 52 and 53: It is clear that the EC legislative
Page 54 and 55: if the vaccines currently available
Page 56 and 57: Four published papers have come out
Page 58 and 59: Review Summary This epidemiological
Page 60 and 61: Project code: OZO316 Project title:
Page 64 and 65: agricultural industry/public health
Page 66 and 67: testing laboratories. In addition,
Page 68 and 69: animal pathogen but is a human path
Page 70 and 71: esearch has also substantially impr
Page 72 and 73: to elucidate the antigenic repertoi
Page 74 and 75: and have contributed to our underst
Page 76 and 77: Fundamental issues concerning the f
Page 78 and 79: Review summary Project OZ0606 focus
Page 80 and 81: Abstract of research OZ0608 The ado
Page 82 and 83: thinning process for molecular trac
Page 84 and 85: Project code: LK0665 Project title:
Page 86 and 87: Review summary While poultry meat i
Page 88 and 89: Review summary A key aim of this pr
Page 90 and 91: Review summary This project aimed t
Page 96 and 97: Project code: OZ0138C Project title
Page 102 and 103: Abstract of research Projects OZ070
Page 104 and 105: produced were both relevant and imp
Page 106 and 107: List of External Reviewers. Mr. Pau
Page 108 and 109: Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 110 and 111: Review of Defra’s FBZ Research Pr
Page 112 and 113: Annex 5 - Review Timetable 112
Page 114 and 115: 11.45 - 12.00 Bovine and Porcine Fo
Page 116: Campylobacter Other 11.50 - 12.05 P
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