Romanian Military Thinking

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174 Romanian Military Thinking ~ 4/2007 Command officers Category Professionally incompliant Politically incompliant Political workers Workers Poor peasants Middle peasants Office Other workers Kulaks categories Total 361 532 395 141 29 47 1 505 27 34 58 52 6 17 194 121 180 86 22 - 6 415 Total 509 746 539 215 35 70 2 114 Classification of those proposed to be discharged following the social origin criterion 12 – 1956 The process of politically subordinating the national military institution had a hasty and aggressive character and one of its decisive moments was represented by the appointment, as the leader of the guiding body of the political-ideological activity, in March 1950, of Nicolae Ceau[escu, who would further become the chief of state. Organisationally, the new armed forces political leadership imposed two important transformations 13 : • transition, starting 1948, to an open activity of the party organisations within the armed forces, through making their presence in the structure of the military institution official and • organising, in accordance with the proposed objectives, the political apparatus, the former structure becoming the Armed Forces Superior Political Directorate. This reorganisation aimed at making the political leadership activity unitary, since the party work aggregated with the mass political work. This way, political bodies had a double role: party bodies and state military structures, the subordination of the party organisations being subsumed under the hierarchy proper to the military body. Moreover, the Armed Forces Superior Political Directorate held in its executive portofolio both responsibilities proper to a state institution – as the central body of the Armed Forces Ministry and duties specific to a superior body of the party – as an institution directly subordinated to the Central Committee. In the context of these changes, unprecedented in the evolution of the Romanian military body, there were drafted, under the guidance and with the approval of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers Party, the documents, rules and regulations with regard to the party activity in the armed forces. We have in view: “Regulation of the political bodies in the People’s Republic of Romania Armed Forces”, “Regulation of the UTM organisations within the People’s Republic of Romania Armed Forces”, “Instructions for the organisation of basic organisations assemblies for reports and elections” and “Regulation regarding the structure and constitution of the party organisations within the People’s Republic of Romania Armed Forces”, all approved in the supreme executive forum of the party, documents appreciated by Emil Bodn`ra[, the Minister of the Armed Forces as “following the pattern of the Soviet regulations and instructions, with only some terms changed” 14 . These were the fundamental normative coordinates of the exclusive political subordination of the national military institutions. 12 Ibidem. 13 Gheorghe Ion, Soare Corneliu, op. cit., pp. 26-39. 14 Romanian Military Archive, microfilms, roll P II 4.2702, c. 758.
National Foundations The strategy of the single party regarding exercising absolute political control over the military body is, in fact, inseparable from the process of totally controlling the entire Romanian society, an expression of the party totalitarian prerogatives and desiderata. In this context, a functional chart is presented in figure 3. Details regarding the specific organisational features of exercising political control over the military structures are presented in figure 4. Moreover, the military oath of office was made politically and ideologically sacred, which meant, in fact, faithfully assuming the Soviet military oath of office, since comparing the oaths, it became obvious not only the lack in national personality of the single party leadership but also the force of the Soviet occupant. The The The The The conceptual, conceptual, conceptual, conceptual, conceptual, structural structural structural structural structural and and and and and actional actional actional actional actional metamorphoses metamorphoses metamorphoses metamorphoses metamorphoses of of of of of the the the the the military military military military military body body body body body between between between between between 1948 1948 1948 1948 1948 and and and and and 1965 1965 1965 1965 1965 The fact that the national military institution could not remain outside the process set up by the communist power, respectively that of organising the entire social system on socialist ideological bases, is more than evident. One of the important characteristics of the process of changing the Romanian military body is found in the organic continuity of the national armed forces, as it was proceeded, according to the term used in that time, to the gradual transformation of the bourgeois army into a popular, socialist one. The following facts are arguments that explain and support this particularity: the Romanian Armed Forces, through their participation, in their entirety, in obtaining the general victory against the fascist forces, proved their beliefs and attachment to the cause of the United Nations; in the vortex of political confrontations, which had unforeseeable consequences, the armed forces preserved their cohesion, discipline, organisation and verticality, as they were not involved in the party arrangements or games; at least from the perspective of concluding peace treaties, the national military institution had to be maintained, as its main mission was not diminished. The main changes that decisively influenced the process of the Romanian military body transformation consisted in the exercise of the political leadership in the armed forces by the single party and the radical change of the cadre corps social composition. With reference to the extremely complex transformations that marked the military body, we appreciate that the Soviet military, political and ideological domination, exercised under different forms, was the dominant “favouring” as well as coercive factor. As for the military institution, mention should be made that there were Soviet counsellors at all the armed forces organising and leading echelons, who exercised a rigorous and severe control over the command life and activity, imposing their will in the main problems related to the military development. 175
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Romanian Military Thinking Military
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Romanian Military Thinking

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