Romanian Military Thinking

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90 Romanian Military Thinking ~ 4/2007 alternatives – the aggressiveness of the new German Wehrmacht. The General-to-be De Gaulle stigmatised prophetically this tendency in his work «The Edge of the Sword» (1932): «it seems that the French military spirit does not recognize the empirical nature the action of war should have. He tries incessantly to develop a doctrine that enables him to orient the action and determine its shape a priori, without taking into account the circumstances that should give it a solid base. Thinking that you have an instrument to avoid the dangers and the surprises of the circumstances and dominate them means giving your mind the rest it strives for incessantly [ ... ]. Without any doubt the French spirit strives for it because it is driven by its great love for abstraction and the system, by its worship of the absolute and the categorical concept ... ». These are the dangers the armed forces must avoid and this is truer today than in the past, without preconceived ideas. What we need is the constant and deep study of the real situation of each conflict and both Jomini and Clausewitz give us precious material to do that. In addition, in their works – and the political-military leadership consists of this – it is necessary to be able to choose what is more useful: this operation is difficult since the regular armed forces have lots of limitations and faults and the enemy who does not consider them gains a great advantage from this.
POWER AND THE EUROPEAN Commander Drouet cites many authors to support the debate between those who wish to keep Europe firmly hooked up to the United States and those who reject the US model of power. Moreover, he shows that both of these opposing categories, although resorting to different arguments, deprive Europe of being true to its own identity and of developing its own particular power. Firstly, Robert Kagan’s ideas examining the reasons why the European and US approaches to international issues differ are presented. Secondly, the notions of collective and state power in the context of globalisation are discussed. In line with it, the author shows that one of the most important objectives of globalisation is the establishment of a global democracy founded on the absolute respect for others. Thirdly, the problems deriving from the above-mentioned objective are mentioned, the most important one being that related to the lack of cultural identity. To conclude, the author discusses the meaning attached by Hude to the term phillia, highlighting the fact that it shoud be the foundation of a powerful Europe. Commander François DROUET ~ The French Naval Forces ~ n his essay entitled “Power and Weakness”, US neoconservative intellectual Robert Kagan examines the reasons why European and US perceptions of current international problems differ. At the end of the section entitled “The psychology of power and weakness”, he notably writes the following: “…to the extent that Americans believe in power, they believe it must be a means of advancing the principles of a liberal civilization and a liberal world order”. The suggestion is that Europeans no longer believe in this. Pierre Manent, a moderate intellectual, if ever there has been one, also denounces this abandonment of power, comparing the European nations to molluscs “whose shells are increasingly thin and porous, but whose instruments of administration are so enormous and so detached from their soft flesh that they have lost much of their mobility. They remain immobile, contemplating their rights with an enjoyment that is increasingly punctilious and fragile” 1 I . In an article on Raymond Aron (Le Monde, 13 March 2005), Nicolas Baverez states with regret that contemporary Europe has “renounced power” and wants to “leave History behind”. In Europe, there is now a deep debate concerning the adaptation of power to meet current challenges. The bitter failure of US policy in Iraq might well * The article was originally featured, under the title L’homme europeen et la puissance, in La Tribune du CID, the Permanent Staff and Student Review of the French Joint Staff College, June 2007. 1 Manent Pierre, “La raison des nations”, Gallimard, March 2006. 91
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