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94<br />
Pons. “The second period (securitization and insurance derivatives)<br />
gave rise to convoluted scams, still caused by the attraction<br />
of bonuses and the very complexity of the operations<br />
themselves. The fraud changed in nature; conflicts of interest<br />
between rating agencies and banks, banks and insurance companies<br />
multiplied along with appraisals and contracts.<br />
“Above all, the burdensome loans were leaving balance<br />
sheets veritable ‘gasworks,’ in which the fictive was incorporated<br />
with the real, were set up. At the moment of final reckoning,<br />
losses must be regularized: balance sheets manipulated<br />
and accounting statements falsified. The specter of Enron<br />
reappears!”<br />
Former Bank Regulator Bill Black says many of the frauds<br />
on the Street originated at the top of the corporate ladder,<br />
when he told Laura Flanders on GRIT TV about his experience<br />
during the S&L crisis:<br />
“First we learned what was causing the problem, so we correctly<br />
identified the epidemic, and it was an epidemic of fraud<br />
led by the CEO’s, and they were using accounting to commit<br />
that fraud. We found there was a distinctive pattern to how<br />
they did this so we looked for that pattern.<br />
“And even though savings and loans were reporting they<br />
had record profitability we made them priorities for enforcement<br />
actions if they were following this pattern.<br />
“The second thing found was the way they maximized their<br />
gains was to act like a Ponzi and to grow extremely rapidly. So<br />
we passed a rule that restricted growth to 25% a year which is<br />
an absurd number but the frauds were growing at an average<br />
annual rate of 50% a year. They couldn’t survive unless they<br />
grow at least that fast. I mean the Ponzi dynamic is that you<br />
have to keep growing faster as the fraud progresses.<br />
“So in 2 years we had eliminated either directly by taking<br />
them on or once we ran out of money through the rule that<br />
restricted growth, all 300 of the control frauds.”