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103<br />
you might have seen an opportunity and bought as many policies<br />
as you could afford on the homes in New Orleans before<br />
the hurricane Katrina wiped out the city. You’d have made a<br />
lot of money off the misery of those residents. So much for the<br />
Big Easy.<br />
That is exactly what happened with credit derivatives.<br />
Savvy hedge fund managers heard the weather report, knew<br />
which way the wind was blowing, and took out an incredibly<br />
large number of insurance policies on mortgage-backed<br />
securities.<br />
When a 50-state-Katrina blasted through America, with the<br />
poorest in the country defaulting on mortgages in the millions,<br />
those policies paid out in the trillions for hedge fund investors,<br />
already some of the richest people in the world. As millions of<br />
Americans went deeper into debt, as inequality grew, a small<br />
class of financiers prospered.<br />
The Village Voice called it a “scheme that smacks of securities<br />
fraud,” asking, “how could they not have known they<br />
were putting at risk the largest insurer in the world and all the<br />
businesses and individuals that it covered?”<br />
Was this criminal? Again, it depends on to whom you speak.<br />
To John Coffee, “the real fraud in my mind, or the primary<br />
fraud, are the victims who were sold these worthless securities<br />
that were presented as utterly safe.”<br />
Economist Loretta Napoleoni who worked on Wall Street<br />
went further, “I would even say that this is racketeering<br />
because it took place between a group of real estate agencies<br />
and banks together.”<br />
“And don’t forget the role of the ratings agencies.” adds<br />
Coffee: “Wall Street relaxed its due diligence standards, but it<br />
did not exercise any kind of scrutiny. He [an investor on Wall<br />
Street] was willing to buy almost any portfolio of mortgages<br />
because it found that in global markets it could sell these portfolios<br />
to a global audience based on credit ratings that were,