Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009 - The University of Texas at ...

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List of Figures Figure 1.1: Base map showing location of study area within the southeastern margin of the Caribbean Plate BAP.. ................................................................................................ 65 Figure 1.3 Geological Map of Barbados showing the onshore geology and the outcrop locations within the study area. Modified from Poole and Baker (1980)......................... 67 Figure 1.4: Data sets that are located in the southern BAP region. The only data shown on this map that permission has been granted for integration for this study are the blue lines of the ConocoPhilips 2D survey. ...................................................................................... 68 Figure 2.1: Map of Barbados showing the portion of the island (shown in red) where the Pleistocene limestone cap has been eroded to expose the underlying Tertiary sediments Modified from Pool and Barker, (1980). .......................................................................... 69 Figure 2.2: Generalized vertical section of the formations identified onshore Barbados after Poole and Barker, 1980. ........................................................................................... 70 Figure 2.3: Map of Barbados showing the outcrop locations within the study area......... 71 Figure 2.4: Detailed Geological map of the Scotland District. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing. ............................................................... 72 Figure 2.5: Descriptions of high and low density turbidite deposits after Lowe (1982) and Bouma (1962.) .................................................................................................................. 73 Figure 2.6: Photographs and illustrations of the six facies identified in outcrops of the Scotland Formation. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.............................................................................................................................. 74 Figure 2.7: Illustration of the facies associations identified as comprising the Scotland Formation deposits in outcrop. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.................................................................................................................. 75 ........................................................................................................................................... 76 Figure 2.8: Bedsets on the channel margins are made up of thin bedded, finer grained low density/concentration turbidite deposits. Bedsets in the channel axis are made up of coarse grained high density/concentration turbidites. Together these facies associations form an entire channel fill sequence. The channel and channel margin/levee elements form channel complexes and channel complex sets. (Campion, 2000, Sprague et al., 2003; Abreu et al., 2003). Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.............................................................................................................................. 76 ........................................................................................................................................... 77 Figure 2.9: Two or more stacked channel elements form a channel complex and two or more stacked channel complexes are called channel complex sets.(Campion, 2000; Sprague et al., 2002; Abreu et al., 2003). Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.............................................................................................. 77 Figure 2.10: Photo-panorama of Chalky Mount Ridge .................................................... 78 Figure 2.11: Very coarse grained sand at Chalky Mount Ridge. Tape measure is in cm. 79 Figure 2.12 : Ripple laminated fine grained sand bed at Chalky Mount Ridge. Overlain by mm scale parallel laminated silts and muds. Pencil shown for scale................................ 79 Figure 2.13: Laminated silt and mud overlain by coarse grained sand bed at Chalky Mount Ridge. Pen for scale............................................................................................... 80 x
Figure 2.14: Planar parallel laminated silt and fine grained sand at Chalky Mount Ridge. Overlying sand bed is coarse grained and the base of the sand bed is cemented with hematite. Hammer for scale. ............................................................................................. 80 Figure 2.15: Correlation of sections measured at Chalky Mount Ridge showing stacking patterns of channel elements. Contacts were walked in the field where possible. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing. ....................... 81 Figure 2.16a: Measured section at Chalky Mount Ridge Lower showing the thick overbank/ master levee deposit. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.................................................................................................................. 82 Figure 2.16b: Measured section taken at Chalky Mount Ridge Lower showing the thick overbank/ master levee deposit. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.................................................................................................................. 83 Figure 2.16c: Measured section at Chalky Mount Ridge Lower showing the thick overbank/ master levee deposit. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.................................................................................................................. 84 ........................................................................................................................................... 85 Figure 2.17: Sleeping Giant Ridge outcrop. View looking north. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing. ............................................................... 85 Figure 2.18: Correlation of sections measured at Sleeping Giant Ridge showing stacking of the six channel elements identified at this location. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing. ............................................................................. 86 Figure 2.19: Conglomerate bed observed at CRBSGRF section with pencil shown for scale. Clasts are well rounded and comprised of iron-rich clasts (red and orange) and white lithified mud clasts.................................................................................................. 87 Figure 2.20: Very coarse grained quartz rich sand bed at Sleeping Giant Ridge. Orangered hematite cement is only a surface feature- fresh faces do not show this cement. Mechanical pencil point for scale. ................................................................................... 87 Figure 2.21: Parallel laminated silt and mud overlying wavy beds of silt and mud at Sleeping Giant Ridge. Pencil for scale. ............................................................................ 88 Figure 2.22: Parallel laminated silt and mud overlain by a coarser grained sand bed that is loading into the underlying finer grained bed at Sleeping Giant Ridge. Flame structures have developed. Pencil for scale....................................................................................... 88 Figure 2.23a: Measured section at the East Coast Road Beneath Sleeping Giant Ridge showing a thick master levee package. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.......................................................................................................... 89 Figure 2.23b: Measured section at the East Coast Road Beneath Sleeping Giant Ridge showing a master levee package overlain by stacked channel fill packages. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.......................................... 90 Figure 2.23c: Measured section at the East Coast Road Beneath Sleeping Giant Ridge showing a master levee package overlain by stacked channel fill packages. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing.......................................... 91 Figure 2.23e: Measured section at the East Coast Road Beneath Sleeping Giant Ridge showing stacked channel fill packages interbedded with channel margin packages. Oversized Plate (11x17) requires plotter or printer with tabloid printing. ....................... 93 xi
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009
Page 3 and 4: Sedimentation within the Tobago For
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents List of Tables ..
Page 9: List of Tables Table 2.1: Latitudes
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2.42: Coarse, cobble and peb
Page 15 and 16: Figure A.3a: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
Page 17 and 18: 1. Development history of the south
Page 19 and 20: Formation. This interpretation requ
Page 21 and 22: DATA AND METHODOLOGY Extensive work
Page 23 and 24: DESCRIPTIVE METHODOLOGY Each sectio
Page 25 and 26: Two or more channel complexes stack
Page 27 and 28: These poorly sorted sands are later
Page 29 and 30: East Coast Road Although the East C
Page 31 and 32: succession of interlaminated siltst
Page 33 and 34: Mount All The beds of the Mount All
Page 35 and 36: Lobes are non-channelized bodies, 3
Page 37 and 38: Sandy units are the most resistant
Page 39 and 40: SUMMARY DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF THE
Page 41 and 42: Chapter Three: Petrographic Analysi
Page 43 and 44: had not been buried deeply or long
Page 45 and 46: Feldspars Calcium Plagioclase Felds
Page 47 and 48: Authigenic Minerals Authigenic mine
Page 49 and 50: amounts of chlorite and kaolinite c
Page 51 and 52: Sample: WRA 16 This sample was take
Page 53 and 54: cementation is observed. A number o
Page 55 and 56: COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORK Punch
Page 57 and 58: K feldspar preservation to slightly
Page 59 and 60: CONCLUSIONS 1. No quartz cementatio
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The highest point of the island, is
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STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK ONSHORE TO
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STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE BARBADO
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Sandy material is primarily quartz
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esult of extension caused by flexur
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1994). The origin of the Oceanic Fo
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Oligocene-age sediments are deposit
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The observation of channel geometri
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Pudsey, (1982) interpreted smectite
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The interpretation of the Scotland
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Figure 1.2: Convergent margins arou
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NSF Study Lines Grenada St. Kitts S
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Figure 2.2: Generalized vertical se
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Figure 2.4: Detailed Geological map
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Figure 2.6: Photographs and illustr
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Figure 2.8: Bedsets on the channel
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S 50 m Figure 2.10: Photo-panorama
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Figure 2.13: Laminated silt and mud
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Figure 2.16a: Measured section at C
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Figure 2.16c: Measured section at C
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Figure 2.18: Correlation of section
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Figure 2.21: Parallel laminated sil
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Wach, Vincent and Chaderton March 2
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Page 109 and 110:
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Figure 2.24: Channel element identi
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WRB S N Fresh rock face exposed by
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Figure 2.28: Photograph of Diplocra
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Figure 2.31: Conglomerate with eros
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Figure 2.33: Thalassinoides trace f
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Figure 2.35: Mount All measured str
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Figure 2.37: Medium grained sand be
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Figure 2.38b: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.38d: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.39: Spa Hill measured stra
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Juniper Ridge, California Scotland
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Figure 3.1: Fractured quartz grain
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SGRF 1C SGRF 9C Figure 3.5: Measure
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Figure 3.8: Photo of sample SGRF 11
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Figure 3.10: Photo of sample SGRF 1
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Figure 3.12: Photo of sample WRA 16
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Figure 3.14: Photo of sample WRB 8
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Figure 3.16: Photo of sample ITR 9
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Figure 3.19: Photo of sample CMRA s
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Figure 3. 23: Composition of Scotla
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Figure 4.1: Base map showing seismi
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Figure 4.3: Channels within Unit Fi
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Figure 4.5: Seismic reflection prof
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Figure 4.7 Isochron maps of the old
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Figure 4.9: Illustration of the Spe
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Figure 4.11: Illustration of Hypoth
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necessary to clear a path. Keep to
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2006 Figure A.2a: Lidar Ridge measu
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Figure A.3b: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
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2006 Figure A.4a: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.4c: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.6: Chalky Mount Ridge
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Figure A.7b: Measured Section of Ch
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2006 Figure A.8a: Sleeping Giant Ri
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2006 Figure A.9: Sleeping Giant Rid
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2006 Figure A.11: Sleeping Giant Ri
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Figure A.13a: Sleeping Giant Ridge
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2006 Figure A.14a: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14c: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14e: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14g: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.15: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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2006 Figure A.17: Spa Hill Fold Mea
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2006 Figure A.19: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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Figure A.20b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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Figure A.21: Walkers Ridge Measured
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Figure A.22b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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2007 Figure A.23b: Inner Turner’s
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2007 Figure A.23d: Inner Turner’s
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Framework grains Quartz Feldspar Ro
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CRIMES, T.P., 1977, Trace fossils o
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MONTGOMERY, S.L., BARKER, C.E., SEA
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RICHARDS, M., BOWMAN, M., and READI
Page 217 and 218:
WEBER, J.C., DIXON, T.H., DEMETS, C
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Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009 - The University of Texas at ...

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