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Bibliography ABREU, V., SULLIVAN, M., PIRMEZ, C., and MOHRIG, D., 2003, Lateral accretion packages (LAPs); an important reservoir element in deep water sinuous channels Turbidites; models and problems v. 20, p. 631-648. ATKINS, J.E., and MCBRIDE, E.F., 1992, Porosity and packing of Holocene river, dune, and beach sands: AAPG Bulletin, v. 76, p. 339-355. AYDIN, A., 1978, Small faults formed as deformation bands in sandstone Rock friction and earthquake prediction v. 116, p. 913-930. AYDIN, A., BORJA, R.I., and EICHHUBL, P., 2006, Geological and mathematical framework for failure modes in granular rock Journal of Structural Geology v. 28, p. 83-98. BAKER, J.C., HAVORD, P.J., MARTIN, K.R., and GHORI, K.A.R., 2000, Diagenesis and Petrophysics of the Early Permian Moogooloo Sandstone, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: AAPG Bulletin, v. 84, p. 250-265. BALDWIN, S.L., and HARRISON, T.M., 1986, Fission track evidence for the source of accreted sandstones, Barbados: Tectonics, v. 5, p. 457-468. BARKER, L.H., and POOLE, E.G., 1980 The geology and mineral resource assessment of the Island of Barbados St. Michael Barbados Gov. Print. Off. . BROWN, K., and WESTBROOK, G., 1987, The tectonic fabric of the Barbados Ridge accretionary complex: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 4, p. 71-81. BRUHN, R.L., PARRY, W.T., and BUNDS, M.P., 2000, Tectonics, fluid migration, and fluid pressure in a deformed forearc basin, Cook Inlet, Alaska: GSA Bulletin, v. 112, p. 550-563. CAMPION, K.M., SPRAGUE, A.R., MOHRIG, D., LOVELL, R.W., DRZEWIECKI, P.A., SULLIVAN, M.D., ARDILL, J.A., JENSEN, G.N., and SICKAFOOSE, D.K., 2003, Outcrop expression of confined channel complexes Bulletin of the South Texas Geological Society v. 44, p. 13-36. CASHMAN, S., and CASHMAN, K., 2000, Cataclasis and deformation-band formation in unconsolidated marine terrace sand, Humboldt County, California: Geology, v. 28, p. 111-114. CHADERTON, N., 2005, The Evolution of the Tobago Forearc Basin: Implications for Sedimentation and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity [unpublished Master of Sciences thesis]: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 113 p. CLIFT, P.V., PAOLA, 2004, Controls on tectonic accretion versus erosion in subduction zones: implications for the origin and recycling of the continental crust: Review of Geophysics, v. 42, p. 31. CLOUGH, J.G., BARKER, C.E., SCOTT, A.R., and ANONYMOUS, 2001, Opportunities for coal bed gas exploration in Alaska American Association of Petroleum Geologists 2001 annual meeting v. 2001, p. 37-38. 195
CRIMES, T.P., 1977, Trace fossils of an Eocene deep-sea sand fan, northern Spain Trace fossils 2 p. 71-90. DEPTUCK, M.E., STEFFENS, G.S., BARTON, M., and PIRMEZ, C., 2003, Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea Turbidites; models and problems v. 20, p. 649-676. DICKINSON, W.R., 1979, Mesozoic forearc basin in central Oregon: Geology, v. 7, p. 166-170. DITULLIO, L.D., and BYRNE, T., 1990, Deformation paths in the shallow levels of an accretionary prism; the Eocene Shimanto Belt of Southwest Japan: GSA Bulletin, v. 102, p. 1420-1438. DOLAN, P., BURGGRAF, D., KHALID, S., FITZSIMMONS, R., AYDEMIR, E., SENNESETH, O., and LYNN, S., 2004, Challenges to exploration in frontier basins- the Barbados accretionary prism: AAPG International Conference. DROZ, L., and BELLAICHE, G., 1985, Rhone deep-sea fan; morphostructure and growth pattern: AAPG Bulletin, v. 69, p. 460-479. FOSSEN, H., SCHULTZ, R.A., SHIPTON, Z.K., and MAIR, K., 2007, Deformation bands in sandstone: a review: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 164, p. 755- 769. FOSSEN, H., and BALE, A., 2007, Deformation bands and their influence on fluid flow: AAPG Bulletin, v. 91, p. 1685-1700. GORTNER, C.W., and LARUE, D.K., 1986, Hemipelagic rocks at Bissex Hill, Barbados; sedimentology, geochemistry, and depositional environment: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 56, p. 307-316. HARDING, T.P., and LOWELL, J.D., 1979, Structural styles, their plate-tectonic habitats, and hydrocarbon traps in petroleum provinces: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, p. 1016-1058. HARDING, T.P., and TUMINAS, A.C., 1989, Structural interpretation of hydrocarbon traps sealed by basement normal block faults at stable flank of foredeep basins and at rift basins: AAPG Bulletin, v. 73, p. 812-840. HARRIS, N.B., 1992, Burial diagenesis of Brent sandstones; a study of Statfjord, Hutton and Lyell fields Geology of the Brent Group v. 61, p. 351-375. HILL, R.J., and SCHENK, C.J., 2005, Petroleum geochemistry of oil and gas from Barbados; implications for distribution of Cretaceous source rocks and regional petroleum prospectivity Marine and Petroleum Geology v. 22, p. 917-943 HOUGHTON, H.F., 1980, Refined techniques for staining plagioclase and alkali feldspars in thin section: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 50, p. 629- 631. HOWELL, D.G., and NORMARK, W.R., 1982, Submarine fans Sandstone depositional environments v. 31, p. 365-404. HUYGHE, P., FOATA, M., DEVILLE, E., MASCLE, G., and GROUP, C.W., 2004, Channel profiles through the active thrust front of the southern Barbados prism: Geology, v. 32, p. 429-432. 196
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Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009
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Sedimentation within the Tobago For
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Latitudes
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Figure 2.14: Planar parallel lamina
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Figure 2.42: Coarse, cobble and peb
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Figure A.3a: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
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1. Development history of the south
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Formation. This interpretation requ
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DATA AND METHODOLOGY Extensive work
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DESCRIPTIVE METHODOLOGY Each sectio
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Two or more channel complexes stack
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These poorly sorted sands are later
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East Coast Road Although the East C
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succession of interlaminated siltst
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Mount All The beds of the Mount All
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Lobes are non-channelized bodies, 3
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Sandy units are the most resistant
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SUMMARY DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF THE
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Chapter Three: Petrographic Analysi
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had not been buried deeply or long
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Feldspars Calcium Plagioclase Felds
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Authigenic Minerals Authigenic mine
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amounts of chlorite and kaolinite c
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Sample: WRA 16 This sample was take
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cementation is observed. A number o
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COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORK Punch
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K feldspar preservation to slightly
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CONCLUSIONS 1. No quartz cementatio
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The highest point of the island, is
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STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK ONSHORE TO
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STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE BARBADO
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Sandy material is primarily quartz
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esult of extension caused by flexur
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1994). The origin of the Oceanic Fo
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Oligocene-age sediments are deposit
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The observation of channel geometri
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Pudsey, (1982) interpreted smectite
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The interpretation of the Scotland
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Figure 1.2: Convergent margins arou
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NSF Study Lines Grenada St. Kitts S
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Figure 2.2: Generalized vertical se
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Figure 2.4: Detailed Geological map
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Figure 2.6: Photographs and illustr
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Figure 2.8: Bedsets on the channel
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S 50 m Figure 2.10: Photo-panorama
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Figure 2.13: Laminated silt and mud
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Figure 2.16a: Measured section at C
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Figure 2.16c: Measured section at C
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Figure 2.18: Correlation of section
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Figure 2.21: Parallel laminated sil
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Wach, Vincent and Chaderton March 2
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Figure 2.24: Channel element identi
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WRB S N Fresh rock face exposed by
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Figure 2.28: Photograph of Diplocra
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Figure 2.31: Conglomerate with eros
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Figure 2.33: Thalassinoides trace f
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Figure 2.35: Mount All measured str
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Figure 2.37: Medium grained sand be
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Figure 2.38b: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.38d: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.39: Spa Hill measured stra
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Juniper Ridge, California Scotland
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Figure 3.1: Fractured quartz grain
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SGRF 1C SGRF 9C Figure 3.5: Measure
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Figure 3.8: Photo of sample SGRF 11
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Figure 3.10: Photo of sample SGRF 1
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Figure 3.12: Photo of sample WRA 16
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Figure 3.14: Photo of sample WRB 8
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Figure 3.16: Photo of sample ITR 9
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Figure 3.19: Photo of sample CMRA s
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Figure 3. 23: Composition of Scotla
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Figure 4.1: Base map showing seismi
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Figure 4.3: Channels within Unit Fi
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Figure 4.5: Seismic reflection prof
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Figure 4.7 Isochron maps of the old
Page 159 and 160: Figure 4.9: Illustration of the Spe
Page 161 and 162: Figure 4.11: Illustration of Hypoth
Page 163 and 164: necessary to clear a path. Keep to
Page 165 and 166: 2006 Figure A.2a: Lidar Ridge measu
Page 167 and 168: Figure A.3b: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
Page 169 and 170: 2006 Figure A.4a: Chalky Mount Ridg
Page 171 and 172: 2006 Figure A.4c: Chalky Mount Ridg
Page 173 and 174: 2006 Figure A.6: Chalky Mount Ridge
Page 175 and 176: Figure A.7b: Measured Section of Ch
Page 177 and 178: 2006 Figure A.8a: Sleeping Giant Ri
Page 179 and 180: 2006 Figure A.9: Sleeping Giant Rid
Page 181 and 182: 2006 Figure A.11: Sleeping Giant Ri
Page 183 and 184: Figure A.13a: Sleeping Giant Ridge
Page 185 and 186: 2006 Figure A.14a: Coast Road Below
Page 187 and 188: 2006 Figure A.14c: Coast Road Below
Page 189 and 190: 2006 Figure A.14e: Coast Road Below
Page 191 and 192: 2006 Figure A.14g: Coast Road Below
Page 193 and 194: 2006 Figure A.15: Ermy Bourne Ridge
Page 195 and 196: 2006 Figure A.17: Spa Hill Fold Mea
Page 197 and 198: 2006 Figure A.19: Ermy Bourne Ridge
Page 199 and 200: Figure A.20b: Walkers Ridge Measure
Page 201 and 202: Figure A.21: Walkers Ridge Measured
Page 203 and 204: Figure A.22b: Walkers Ridge Measure
Page 205 and 206: 2007 Figure A.23b: Inner Turner’s
Page 207 and 208: 2007 Figure A.23d: Inner Turner’s
Page 209: Framework grains Quartz Feldspar Ro
Page 213 and 214: MONTGOMERY, S.L., BARKER, C.E., SEA
Page 215 and 216: RICHARDS, M., BOWMAN, M., and READI
Page 217 and 218: WEBER, J.C., DIXON, T.H., DEMETS, C
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