Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009 - The University of Texas at ...

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Mineralogy This sample is dominated by common quartz and although K feldspar and plagioclase feldspar are present in small quantities, no accessory minerals are observed. Hematite cement is present in greater quantities than in WRA 16 (Figure 3.11). Quartz grains are extremely fractured and secondary intragranular porosity is a significant portion of overall porosity (Figure 3.14). As in the sample labeled WRA 16, fractured quartz is dominant. No quartz cement has formed on fresh, clean fractured surfaces. Sample: ITR 9 This sample was taken from bed 9 in the measured section labeled ITR- Inner Turners Hall Ridge (Figure 3.15). The sample was taken from a bed that has been interpreted to be a channel-mouth sand lobe. This measured section records 70 m of continuous exposure. Sandstone beds vary from medium- to fine-grained and are thickest at the base of the section with a maximum thickness of 420 cm. Sand beds are capped with ripple-laminated, fine-grained sands and silts. Minor loading structures and planar lamination is present through out the section. No coarse-grained sand or conglomerate component and no scoured bases were observed. This outcrop was interpreted to be a portion of a channel-mouth lobe. Mineralogy The quartz content of this sample is lower and K feldspar and plagioclase feldspar are more abundant (Figure 3.16). A small number of lithic fragments are present and they include altered volcanic rock fragments, argillaceous rock fragments, rare metamorphic rock fragments and chert. Minor amounts of biotite and white mica are present and the most abundant cement is hematite with minor amounts of pore-filling chlorite and kaolinite. Quartz overgrowths are present, but broken. No other quartz 37
cementation is observed. A number of quartz grains are fractured to produce secondary intragranular porosity. Sample: ITR 14 This sample was taken from the bed 14 in the measured section labeled ITR- Inner Turners Hall Ridge (Figure 3.15). Bed 14 has been interpreted to be a channel- mouth sand lobe. This measured section records 70 m of continuous exposure. Sandstone beds vary from medium- to fine-grained and are thickest at the base of the section with a maximum thickness of 420 cm. Mineralogy The quartz content of this sample is lower and K feldspar and plagioclase feldspar are more abundant. A small number of lithic fragments are present and they include altered volcanic rock fragments, argillaceous rock fragments, rare metamorphic rock fragments and chert. Minor amounts of white mica are present and there are minor amounts of pore-filling chlorite and kaolinite. Hematite cementation has completely occluded porosity in some cases and blocked pore throats in others (Figure 3.17). Quartz overgrowths are present, but broken. No other quartz cementation is observed. Some organic matter is present in this sample. Sample: CMRA This sample was taken from the first bed in the measured section labeled CMR- Chalky Mount Ridge section A (Figure 3.18). This measured section records almost 60 m of a stacked channel-levee sequence. The sample was taken from the upper portion of a 3 m thick bed that ranges from gravel overlying an erosive base and fines upward to a medium-grained sand. The sample was taken from the middle of a bed that was interpreted to be a channel-fill deposit 38
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009
Page 3 and 4: Sedimentation within the Tobago For
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents List of Tables ..
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 2.1: Latitudes
Page 11 and 12: Figure 2.14: Planar parallel lamina
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2.42: Coarse, cobble and peb
Page 15 and 16: Figure A.3a: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
Page 17 and 18: 1. Development history of the south
Page 19 and 20: Formation. This interpretation requ
Page 21 and 22: DATA AND METHODOLOGY Extensive work
Page 23 and 24: DESCRIPTIVE METHODOLOGY Each sectio
Page 25 and 26: Two or more channel complexes stack
Page 27 and 28: These poorly sorted sands are later
Page 29 and 30: East Coast Road Although the East C
Page 31 and 32: succession of interlaminated siltst
Page 33 and 34: Mount All The beds of the Mount All
Page 35 and 36: Lobes are non-channelized bodies, 3
Page 37 and 38: Sandy units are the most resistant
Page 39 and 40: SUMMARY DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF THE
Page 41 and 42: Chapter Three: Petrographic Analysi
Page 43 and 44: had not been buried deeply or long
Page 45 and 46: Feldspars Calcium Plagioclase Felds
Page 47 and 48: Authigenic Minerals Authigenic mine
Page 49 and 50: amounts of chlorite and kaolinite c
Page 51: Sample: WRA 16 This sample was take
Page 55 and 56: COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORK Punch
Page 57 and 58: K feldspar preservation to slightly
Page 59 and 60: CONCLUSIONS 1. No quartz cementatio
Page 61 and 62: The highest point of the island, is
Page 63 and 64: STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK ONSHORE TO
Page 65 and 66: STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE BARBADO
Page 67 and 68: Sandy material is primarily quartz
Page 69 and 70: esult of extension caused by flexur
Page 71 and 72: 1994). The origin of the Oceanic Fo
Page 73 and 74: Oligocene-age sediments are deposit
Page 75 and 76: The observation of channel geometri
Page 77 and 78: Pudsey, (1982) interpreted smectite
Page 79 and 80: The interpretation of the Scotland
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1.2: Convergent margins arou
Page 83 and 84: NSF Study Lines Grenada St. Kitts S
Page 85 and 86: Figure 2.2: Generalized vertical se
Page 87 and 88: Figure 2.4: Detailed Geological map
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2.6: Photographs and illustr
Page 91 and 92: Figure 2.8: Bedsets on the channel
Page 93 and 94: S 50 m Figure 2.10: Photo-panorama
Page 95 and 96: Figure 2.13: Laminated silt and mud
Page 97 and 98: Figure 2.16a: Measured section at C
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2.16c: Measured section at C
Page 101 and 102: Figure 2.18: Correlation of section
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 2.21: Parallel laminated sil
Page 105 and 106:
Wach, Vincent and Chaderton March 2
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 2.24: Channel element identi
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WRB S N Fresh rock face exposed by
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 2.28: Photograph of Diplocra
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 2.31: Conglomerate with eros
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 2.33: Thalassinoides trace f
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 2.35: Mount All measured str
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 2.37: Medium grained sand be
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 2.38b: Inner Turner’s Hall
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 2.38d: Inner Turner’s Hall
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 2.39: Spa Hill measured stra
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Juniper Ridge, California Scotland
Page 133 and 134:
Figure 3.1: Fractured quartz grain
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SGRF 1C SGRF 9C Figure 3.5: Measure
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 3.8: Photo of sample SGRF 11
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 3.10: Photo of sample SGRF 1
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 3.12: Photo of sample WRA 16
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Figure 3.14: Photo of sample WRB 8
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Figure 3.16: Photo of sample ITR 9
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Figure 3.19: Photo of sample CMRA s
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 3. 23: Composition of Scotla
Page 151 and 152:
Figure 4.1: Base map showing seismi
Page 153 and 154:
Figure 4.3: Channels within Unit Fi
Page 155 and 156:
Figure 4.5: Seismic reflection prof
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 4.7 Isochron maps of the old
Page 159 and 160:
Figure 4.9: Illustration of the Spe
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 4.11: Illustration of Hypoth
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necessary to clear a path. Keep to
Page 165 and 166:
2006 Figure A.2a: Lidar Ridge measu
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Figure A.3b: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
Page 169 and 170:
2006 Figure A.4a: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.4c: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.6: Chalky Mount Ridge
Page 175 and 176:
Figure A.7b: Measured Section of Ch
Page 177 and 178:
2006 Figure A.8a: Sleeping Giant Ri
Page 179 and 180:
2006 Figure A.9: Sleeping Giant Rid
Page 181 and 182:
2006 Figure A.11: Sleeping Giant Ri
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Figure A.13a: Sleeping Giant Ridge
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2006 Figure A.14a: Coast Road Below
Page 187 and 188:
2006 Figure A.14c: Coast Road Below
Page 189 and 190:
2006 Figure A.14e: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14g: Coast Road Below
Page 193 and 194:
2006 Figure A.15: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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2006 Figure A.17: Spa Hill Fold Mea
Page 197 and 198:
2006 Figure A.19: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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Figure A.20b: Walkers Ridge Measure
Page 201 and 202:
Figure A.21: Walkers Ridge Measured
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Figure A.22b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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2007 Figure A.23b: Inner Turner’s
Page 207 and 208:
2007 Figure A.23d: Inner Turner’s
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Framework grains Quartz Feldspar Ro
Page 211 and 212:
CRIMES, T.P., 1977, Trace fossils o
Page 213 and 214:
MONTGOMERY, S.L., BARKER, C.E., SEA
Page 215 and 216:
RICHARDS, M., BOWMAN, M., and READI
Page 217 and 218:
WEBER, J.C., DIXON, T.H., DEMETS, C
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