Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009 - The University of Texas at ...

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TEXTURE The samples examined ranged from medium- to coarse-grained sandstones, most are interpreted to have been deposited in mid-fan submarine channels (see Chapter 2 this dissertation). Two of the samples from Inner Turner’s Hall Ridge (ITR) are interpreted to have been deposited in slightly more distal channel mouth lobes. The mean grain size of all the samples combined is 3.23 phi and the average standard deviation of the samples is 0.80, moderately sorted. Extremely fractured quartz grains are observed within many of the samples. Some of the fractured quartz grains are still recognizable; however it is likely that some of the smaller grains are actually fractured pieces of larger grains. Much of the apparent moderate to poor sorting may be a result of fracturing due to tectonic activity and may not be the result of source area or burial compaction processes. Sample: SGRF 1C This sample was taken from the first bed in the measured section labeled SGRF- Sleeping Giant Ridge; section F (Figure 3.5). This measured section is a part of an overturned 250 m vertical succession that has been exposed by a road cut. The entire succession thickens and coarsens upward although individual beds fine upward. The sample was taken from the upper portion of a 150 cm thick bed from an area of coarse- to medium-grained sand that has been interpreted to be a channel fill deposit. This outcrop has been interpreted to be a stacked channel-levee sequence that has been deposited in a mid-fan depositional setting. Mineralogy There is grain-to-grain contact within the sample but a significant amount of pore space remains. There is minor biotite, white mica, rare chlorite grains, chert, and minor 33
amounts of chlorite and kaolinite cement. Some K feldspar and plagioclase feldspar are present. Some of these grains are altered and a few are being dissolved to produce secondary porosity. Quartz overgrowths are present but broken and no other quartz cementation is observed. A large number of quartz grains are fractured (Figure 3.6). Sample: SGRF 9C This sample was taken from bed 9 in the measured section labeled SGRF- Sleeping Giant Ridge; section F (Figure 3.5). This bed has been described in outcrop as 90 m of fine-grained, parallel-laminated sand that fines up to very fine-grained sand and silt with well-developed ripples. This bed is part of a levee facies deposit that is part of the channel-levee sequence described at this location. The sample was taken from the parallel-laminated section of the bed, although in thin section there is no variation in grain size or composition that can be observed. Mineralogy Grains are in contact with each other, but there is a great deal of pore space. There is minor biotite, white mica, one pyrite grain, hematite and kaolinite cement. Some K feldspar and minor plagioclase feldspar are present, some of these grains have undergone significant alteration (Figure 3.7). A number of quartz grains are fractured to varying degrees, however most porosity primary. Sample: SGRF 11B This sample was taken from bed 11 in the measured section labeled SGRF- Sleeping Giant Ridge, section F (Figure 3.5). This measured section records a portion of an overturned 250 m vertical succession that has been exposed by a road cut. The sample was taken from the upper portion of a 150 cm thick bed from an area of coarse- to medium-grained sand that was interpreted as a channel-fill deposit. This outcrop has been 34
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009
Page 3 and 4: Sedimentation within the Tobago For
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents List of Tables ..
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 2.1: Latitudes
Page 11 and 12: Figure 2.14: Planar parallel lamina
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2.42: Coarse, cobble and peb
Page 15 and 16: Figure A.3a: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
Page 17 and 18: 1. Development history of the south
Page 19 and 20: Formation. This interpretation requ
Page 21 and 22: DATA AND METHODOLOGY Extensive work
Page 23 and 24: DESCRIPTIVE METHODOLOGY Each sectio
Page 25 and 26: Two or more channel complexes stack
Page 27 and 28: These poorly sorted sands are later
Page 29 and 30: East Coast Road Although the East C
Page 31 and 32: succession of interlaminated siltst
Page 33 and 34: Mount All The beds of the Mount All
Page 35 and 36: Lobes are non-channelized bodies, 3
Page 37 and 38: Sandy units are the most resistant
Page 39 and 40: SUMMARY DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF THE
Page 41 and 42: Chapter Three: Petrographic Analysi
Page 43 and 44: had not been buried deeply or long
Page 45 and 46: Feldspars Calcium Plagioclase Felds
Page 47: Authigenic Minerals Authigenic mine
Page 51 and 52: Sample: WRA 16 This sample was take
Page 53 and 54: cementation is observed. A number o
Page 55 and 56: COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORK Punch
Page 57 and 58: K feldspar preservation to slightly
Page 59 and 60: CONCLUSIONS 1. No quartz cementatio
Page 61 and 62: The highest point of the island, is
Page 63 and 64: STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK ONSHORE TO
Page 65 and 66: STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE BARBADO
Page 67 and 68: Sandy material is primarily quartz
Page 69 and 70: esult of extension caused by flexur
Page 71 and 72: 1994). The origin of the Oceanic Fo
Page 73 and 74: Oligocene-age sediments are deposit
Page 75 and 76: The observation of channel geometri
Page 77 and 78: Pudsey, (1982) interpreted smectite
Page 79 and 80: The interpretation of the Scotland
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1.2: Convergent margins arou
Page 83 and 84: NSF Study Lines Grenada St. Kitts S
Page 85 and 86: Figure 2.2: Generalized vertical se
Page 87 and 88: Figure 2.4: Detailed Geological map
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2.6: Photographs and illustr
Page 91 and 92: Figure 2.8: Bedsets on the channel
Page 93 and 94: S 50 m Figure 2.10: Photo-panorama
Page 95 and 96: Figure 2.13: Laminated silt and mud
Page 97 and 98: Figure 2.16a: Measured section at C
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 2.16c: Measured section at C
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 2.18: Correlation of section
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 2.21: Parallel laminated sil
Page 105 and 106:
Wach, Vincent and Chaderton March 2
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 2.24: Channel element identi
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WRB S N Fresh rock face exposed by
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 2.28: Photograph of Diplocra
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 2.31: Conglomerate with eros
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 2.33: Thalassinoides trace f
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 2.35: Mount All measured str
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Figure 2.37: Medium grained sand be
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Figure 2.38b: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.38d: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.39: Spa Hill measured stra
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Juniper Ridge, California Scotland
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Figure 3.1: Fractured quartz grain
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SGRF 1C SGRF 9C Figure 3.5: Measure
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 3.8: Photo of sample SGRF 11
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Figure 3.10: Photo of sample SGRF 1
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Figure 3.12: Photo of sample WRA 16
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Figure 3.14: Photo of sample WRB 8
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Figure 3.16: Photo of sample ITR 9
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Figure 3.19: Photo of sample CMRA s
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Figure 3. 23: Composition of Scotla
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Figure 4.1: Base map showing seismi
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Figure 4.3: Channels within Unit Fi
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Figure 4.5: Seismic reflection prof
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Figure 4.7 Isochron maps of the old
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Figure 4.9: Illustration of the Spe
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Figure 4.11: Illustration of Hypoth
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necessary to clear a path. Keep to
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2006 Figure A.2a: Lidar Ridge measu
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Figure A.3b: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
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2006 Figure A.4a: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.4c: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.6: Chalky Mount Ridge
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Figure A.7b: Measured Section of Ch
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2006 Figure A.8a: Sleeping Giant Ri
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2006 Figure A.9: Sleeping Giant Rid
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2006 Figure A.11: Sleeping Giant Ri
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Figure A.13a: Sleeping Giant Ridge
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2006 Figure A.14a: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14c: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14e: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14g: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.15: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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2006 Figure A.17: Spa Hill Fold Mea
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2006 Figure A.19: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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Figure A.20b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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Figure A.21: Walkers Ridge Measured
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Figure A.22b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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2007 Figure A.23b: Inner Turner’s
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2007 Figure A.23d: Inner Turner’s
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Framework grains Quartz Feldspar Ro
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CRIMES, T.P., 1977, Trace fossils o
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MONTGOMERY, S.L., BARKER, C.E., SEA
Page 215 and 216:
RICHARDS, M., BOWMAN, M., and READI
Page 217 and 218:
WEBER, J.C., DIXON, T.H., DEMETS, C
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