Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009 - The University of Texas at ...

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common in shallower marine water environments but can also be indicative of a depositional setting near the apex of a fan complex (Figure 2.28). The U-shaped burrow of Diplocraterion is indicative of high energy environments which experience erosional and abrupt depositional events (Pemberton and MacEachern, 1995). Individual beds at this location are predominantly S3 beds (Facies 3) with Tb, Tc, Td (Facies 5) and rare R3 beds (Facies 1) that overlie scoured bases (Figures 2.29, 2.30, 2.31). Channel-fill associations at this location are dominated by stacked beds of Facies 3 coarse-grained beds within the system that overlie erosive channel bases. The channel margins are comprised of thin bedded turbidites of Facies 5 that are interpreted as the margins or localized levees of the channels due to their lateral interfingering relationship with channel fill facies associations (Deptuck, 2003; Schwarz and Arnott, 2007). Up to 5 individual channel elements make up channel fill and margin facies associations at this location. The five stacked channels form a channel complex (Figure 2.27) that is 40 m thick. Thick successions of thin bedded turbidite deposits (10’s of m thick- > 40 m) are interpreted to record an abandonment of the channel complex set in space or time (Campion, 2000; Schwarz and Arnott, 2007). The presence of sand beds with scoured bases (figure 2.32) confirm that this thick succession of Facies 6 is not a distal basin plain deposit, but a thick master levee deposit as described by Mutti (1977). The Walker’s Ridge lower section is interpreted to have been deposited as outer levees in association with a laterally adjacent large, deep water channel system. These deposits appear to be classic deep water levee deposits as described by Mutti (1977). The Walker’s Ridge is expected to be laterally associated with a channel sequence similar to the overlying Walker’s Ridge Upper. 17
Mount All The beds of the Mount All outcrop are almost vertical and stratigraphic relationships between this and the other study locations are uncertain. Even the stratigraphic relationship between Mount All and Inner Turner’s Hall Ridge, located less than 1000 m to the northwest, is unclear. Description The Mount All outcrop has been extensively folded and no lateral relationships could be ascertained between individual measured sections. The short measured sections were made at the exposed limb of the anticline (MAA, 8 m thick section) and at the vertical beds adjacent to this anticlinal feature, MAB (20 m thick section). MAA appears to occur stratigraphically higher than MAB. Very robust and abundant Thalassinoides (Figure 2.33) and as well as Planolites trace fossils are observed at the Mount All location. Thalassinoides is interpreted as a combined feeding and dwelling burrow, but has been observed as a boring geometry in some cases. The probable trace maker was an arthropod. Planolites is interpreted as a feeding burrow made by a worm-like animal. MAA locality Individual beds at this location are predominantly S3 beds (Facies 3) along with, Td beds and Te beds of Facies 5. Channel fill associations at this location are dominated by stacked beds of Facies 3 coarse grained beds within the system that overlie erosive channel bases. The channel margin association at this location is made up of thin bedded turbidites of Facies 5 that are interpreted to represent the margins or localized levees of the channels (Deptuck, 2003; Schwarz and Arnott, 2007) and are overlain by the channel fill deposits (Figure 2.34). 18
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009
Page 3 and 4: Sedimentation within the Tobago For
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents List of Tables ..
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 2.1: Latitudes
Page 11 and 12: Figure 2.14: Planar parallel lamina
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2.42: Coarse, cobble and peb
Page 15 and 16: Figure A.3a: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
Page 17 and 18: 1. Development history of the south
Page 19 and 20: Formation. This interpretation requ
Page 21 and 22: DATA AND METHODOLOGY Extensive work
Page 23 and 24: DESCRIPTIVE METHODOLOGY Each sectio
Page 25 and 26: Two or more channel complexes stack
Page 27 and 28: These poorly sorted sands are later
Page 29 and 30: East Coast Road Although the East C
Page 31: succession of interlaminated siltst
Page 35 and 36: Lobes are non-channelized bodies, 3
Page 37 and 38: Sandy units are the most resistant
Page 39 and 40: SUMMARY DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF THE
Page 41 and 42: Chapter Three: Petrographic Analysi
Page 43 and 44: had not been buried deeply or long
Page 45 and 46: Feldspars Calcium Plagioclase Felds
Page 47 and 48: Authigenic Minerals Authigenic mine
Page 49 and 50: amounts of chlorite and kaolinite c
Page 51 and 52: Sample: WRA 16 This sample was take
Page 53 and 54: cementation is observed. A number o
Page 55 and 56: COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORK Punch
Page 57 and 58: K feldspar preservation to slightly
Page 59 and 60: CONCLUSIONS 1. No quartz cementatio
Page 61 and 62: The highest point of the island, is
Page 63 and 64: STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK ONSHORE TO
Page 65 and 66: STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE BARBADO
Page 67 and 68: Sandy material is primarily quartz
Page 69 and 70: esult of extension caused by flexur
Page 71 and 72: 1994). The origin of the Oceanic Fo
Page 73 and 74: Oligocene-age sediments are deposit
Page 75 and 76: The observation of channel geometri
Page 77 and 78: Pudsey, (1982) interpreted smectite
Page 79 and 80: The interpretation of the Scotland
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1.2: Convergent margins arou
Page 83 and 84:
NSF Study Lines Grenada St. Kitts S
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 2.2: Generalized vertical se
Page 87 and 88:
Figure 2.4: Detailed Geological map
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 2.6: Photographs and illustr
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 2.8: Bedsets on the channel
Page 93 and 94:
S 50 m Figure 2.10: Photo-panorama
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 2.13: Laminated silt and mud
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 2.16a: Measured section at C
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 2.16c: Measured section at C
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 2.18: Correlation of section
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Figure 2.21: Parallel laminated sil
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Wach, Vincent and Chaderton March 2
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 2.24: Channel element identi
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WRB S N Fresh rock face exposed by
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Figure 2.28: Photograph of Diplocra
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Figure 2.31: Conglomerate with eros
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Figure 2.33: Thalassinoides trace f
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Figure 2.35: Mount All measured str
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Figure 2.37: Medium grained sand be
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Figure 2.38b: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.38d: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.39: Spa Hill measured stra
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Juniper Ridge, California Scotland
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Figure 3.1: Fractured quartz grain
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SGRF 1C SGRF 9C Figure 3.5: Measure
Page 137 and 138:
Figure 3.8: Photo of sample SGRF 11
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Figure 3.10: Photo of sample SGRF 1
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Figure 3.12: Photo of sample WRA 16
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Figure 3.14: Photo of sample WRB 8
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Figure 3.16: Photo of sample ITR 9
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Figure 3.19: Photo of sample CMRA s
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Figure 3. 23: Composition of Scotla
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Figure 4.1: Base map showing seismi
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Figure 4.3: Channels within Unit Fi
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Figure 4.5: Seismic reflection prof
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Figure 4.7 Isochron maps of the old
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Figure 4.9: Illustration of the Spe
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Figure 4.11: Illustration of Hypoth
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necessary to clear a path. Keep to
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2006 Figure A.2a: Lidar Ridge measu
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Figure A.3b: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
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2006 Figure A.4a: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.4c: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.6: Chalky Mount Ridge
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Figure A.7b: Measured Section of Ch
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2006 Figure A.8a: Sleeping Giant Ri
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2006 Figure A.9: Sleeping Giant Rid
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2006 Figure A.11: Sleeping Giant Ri
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Figure A.13a: Sleeping Giant Ridge
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2006 Figure A.14a: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14c: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14e: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14g: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.15: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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2006 Figure A.17: Spa Hill Fold Mea
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2006 Figure A.19: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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Figure A.20b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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Figure A.21: Walkers Ridge Measured
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Figure A.22b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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2007 Figure A.23b: Inner Turner’s
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2007 Figure A.23d: Inner Turner’s
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Framework grains Quartz Feldspar Ro
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CRIMES, T.P., 1977, Trace fossils o
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MONTGOMERY, S.L., BARKER, C.E., SEA
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RICHARDS, M., BOWMAN, M., and READI
Page 217 and 218:
WEBER, J.C., DIXON, T.H., DEMETS, C
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