Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009 - The University of Texas at ...

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Description Four stratigraphic sections were measured to document the vertical stacking of stratigraphic units and the lateral relationships between beds at the Sleeping Giant Ridge exposure. Individual beds at this location are predominantly S3 beds with Tc, and rare S1 beds (Figure 2.18) that have wavy or scoured bases that comprise the coarse and medium grained sand beds of Facies 2, 3 and 4, (Figure 2.20). In addition Tb, Td and Te make up the cm scale, interbedded sand, silt and mud beds that comprise Facies 5 (Figure 2.21). Coarser grained beds of Facies 3 and 4 overlying finer grained beds of Facies 5 load into the finer grained beds resulting in soft sediment deformation features such as flame structures (Figure 2.22). The coarsest grained beds of Facies 2, 3 and 4 comprise the channel axis fill (Schwarz and Arnott, 2007) and the thin bedded turbidites of Facies 5 laterally inter finger with the channel fill facies associations and represent the margins of the channels or local levees (Deptuck, 2003) (Figures 2.7). Up to 6 channel elements as defined by Sprague (2002) comprise Facies 1, 2, 3 and 4 channel fill and Facies 5 channel margin deposits at this location (Figure 2.18). These stacked channel elements form a portion of a channel complex as defined by Sprague (2002). 13
East Coast Road Although the East Coast Road outcrop at the East Coast Road cut is not directly accessible when walking from the SGR outcrops, the SGR outcrop is located less than 100 meters from the East Coast Road exposures. Therefore, the stratigraphic relationships between these two outcrops are uncertain, but they are probably related. The lower portion of the outcrop is heavily vegetated and overgrown, nevertheless after a bit of effort, descriptions were made of a continuous 325 m section (Figure 2.9). Description This section is the easternmost exposure of Sleeping Giant Ridge and it is identified using the acronym of CRBSGRF. The section that is ~ 325 m long was measured to document the vertical stacking of stratigraphic units and the lateral relationships between beds at the East Coast Road exposure Figure 2.23a-h). Vegetation cover in this area is extensive and several portions are likely now obscured by vegetation cover or rock falls. At this location S1, S3 and R3 beds make up Facies 1, 2 and 3 with the Tb, Tc, Td and Te comprising Facies 4 and 5. Channel fill associations are made up of the combination of Facies 1, 2, 3 and 4 that make up the coarsest grained beds within the system that overlie erosive channel bases. The channel margins are comprised of thin bedded turbidites of Facies 4 and 5 that are interpreted as the margins or localized levees of the channels due to their lateral interfingering relationship with channel-fill facies associations (Deptuck, 2003; Schwarz and Arnott, 2007). Up to 14 individual channel elements make up channel fill and margin facies associations at this location (Figure 2.23a-g). At this location 10 stacked channels form a channel complex (Figure 2.23b-f) that is 167 m thick. This channel complex is overlain by at least 7 m and possibly up to 10 m, of thin-bedded turbidites of Facies 5 that record a localized abandonment phase as discussed by Campion (2000). This channel complex is overlain by four stacked channels that form a 14
Page 1 and 2: Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009
Page 3 and 4: Sedimentation within the Tobago For
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents List of Tables ..
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables Table 2.1: Latitudes
Page 11 and 12: Figure 2.14: Planar parallel lamina
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2.42: Coarse, cobble and peb
Page 15 and 16: Figure A.3a: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
Page 17 and 18: 1. Development history of the south
Page 19 and 20: Formation. This interpretation requ
Page 21 and 22: DATA AND METHODOLOGY Extensive work
Page 23 and 24: DESCRIPTIVE METHODOLOGY Each sectio
Page 25 and 26: Two or more channel complexes stack
Page 27: These poorly sorted sands are later
Page 31 and 32: succession of interlaminated siltst
Page 33 and 34: Mount All The beds of the Mount All
Page 35 and 36: Lobes are non-channelized bodies, 3
Page 37 and 38: Sandy units are the most resistant
Page 39 and 40: SUMMARY DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF THE
Page 41 and 42: Chapter Three: Petrographic Analysi
Page 43 and 44: had not been buried deeply or long
Page 45 and 46: Feldspars Calcium Plagioclase Felds
Page 47 and 48: Authigenic Minerals Authigenic mine
Page 49 and 50: amounts of chlorite and kaolinite c
Page 51 and 52: Sample: WRA 16 This sample was take
Page 53 and 54: cementation is observed. A number o
Page 55 and 56: COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORK Punch
Page 57 and 58: K feldspar preservation to slightly
Page 59 and 60: CONCLUSIONS 1. No quartz cementatio
Page 61 and 62: The highest point of the island, is
Page 63 and 64: STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK ONSHORE TO
Page 65 and 66: STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE BARBADO
Page 67 and 68: Sandy material is primarily quartz
Page 69 and 70: esult of extension caused by flexur
Page 71 and 72: 1994). The origin of the Oceanic Fo
Page 73 and 74: Oligocene-age sediments are deposit
Page 75 and 76: The observation of channel geometri
Page 77 and 78: Pudsey, (1982) interpreted smectite
Page 79 and 80:
The interpretation of the Scotland
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 1.2: Convergent margins arou
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NSF Study Lines Grenada St. Kitts S
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Figure 2.2: Generalized vertical se
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Figure 2.4: Detailed Geological map
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Figure 2.6: Photographs and illustr
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 2.8: Bedsets on the channel
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S 50 m Figure 2.10: Photo-panorama
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Figure 2.13: Laminated silt and mud
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Figure 2.16a: Measured section at C
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Figure 2.16c: Measured section at C
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Figure 2.18: Correlation of section
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Figure 2.21: Parallel laminated sil
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Wach, Vincent and Chaderton March 2
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Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 2.24: Channel element identi
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WRB S N Fresh rock face exposed by
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Figure 2.28: Photograph of Diplocra
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Figure 2.31: Conglomerate with eros
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Figure 2.33: Thalassinoides trace f
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Figure 2.35: Mount All measured str
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Figure 2.37: Medium grained sand be
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Figure 2.38b: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.38d: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.39: Spa Hill measured stra
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Juniper Ridge, California Scotland
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Figure 3.1: Fractured quartz grain
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SGRF 1C SGRF 9C Figure 3.5: Measure
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Figure 3.8: Photo of sample SGRF 11
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Figure 3.10: Photo of sample SGRF 1
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Figure 3.12: Photo of sample WRA 16
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Figure 3.14: Photo of sample WRB 8
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Figure 3.16: Photo of sample ITR 9
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Figure 3.19: Photo of sample CMRA s
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Figure 3. 23: Composition of Scotla
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Figure 4.1: Base map showing seismi
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Figure 4.3: Channels within Unit Fi
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Figure 4.5: Seismic reflection prof
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Figure 4.7 Isochron maps of the old
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Figure 4.9: Illustration of the Spe
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Figure 4.11: Illustration of Hypoth
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necessary to clear a path. Keep to
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2006 Figure A.2a: Lidar Ridge measu
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Figure A.3b: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
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2006 Figure A.4a: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.4c: Chalky Mount Ridg
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2006 Figure A.6: Chalky Mount Ridge
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Figure A.7b: Measured Section of Ch
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2006 Figure A.8a: Sleeping Giant Ri
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2006 Figure A.9: Sleeping Giant Rid
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2006 Figure A.11: Sleeping Giant Ri
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Figure A.13a: Sleeping Giant Ridge
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2006 Figure A.14a: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14c: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14e: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.14g: Coast Road Below
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2006 Figure A.15: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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2006 Figure A.17: Spa Hill Fold Mea
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2006 Figure A.19: Ermy Bourne Ridge
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Figure A.20b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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Figure A.21: Walkers Ridge Measured
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Figure A.22b: Walkers Ridge Measure
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2007 Figure A.23b: Inner Turner’s
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2007 Figure A.23d: Inner Turner’s
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Framework grains Quartz Feldspar Ro
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CRIMES, T.P., 1977, Trace fossils o
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MONTGOMERY, S.L., BARKER, C.E., SEA
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RICHARDS, M., BOWMAN, M., and READI
Page 217 and 218:
WEBER, J.C., DIXON, T.H., DEMETS, C
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