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NORMARK, W.R., PIPER, D.J.W., and HESS, G.R., 1979, Distributary channels, sand lobes, and mesotopography of Navy submarine fan, California Borderland, with applications to ancient fan sediments Sedimentology v. 26, p. 749-774. NORMARK, W.R., 1989, Observed parameters for turbidity-current flow in channels, Reserve Fan, Lake Superior: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 59, p. 423-431. OGILVIE, S.R., and GLOVER, P.W.J., 2001, The petrophysical properties of deformation bands in relation to their microstructure Earth and Planetary Science Letters v. 193, p. 129-142. PAXTON, S.T., SZABO, J.O., AJDUKIEWICZ, J.M., and KLIMENTIDIS, R.E., 2002, Construction of an Intergranular Volume Compaction Curve for Evaluating and Predicting Compaction and Porosity Loss in Rigid-Grain Sandstone Reservoirs: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 2047-2067. PEMBERTON, S.G., and MACEACHERN, J.A., 1995, The sequence stratigraphic significance of trace fossils; examples from the Cretaceous foreland basin of Alberta, Canada Sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits; outcrop and subsurface examples from the Cretaceous of North America v. 64, p. 429-475. PEREZ, O.J., BILHAM, R., BENDICK, R., VELANDIA, J.R., HERNANDEZ, N., MONCAYO, C., HOYER, M., and KOZUCH, M., 2001, Velocity field across the southern Caribbean plate boundary and estimates of Caribbean/South-American plate motion using GPS geodesy 1994-2000 Geophysical Research Letters v. 28, p. 2987-2990. POOLE, E.G., and BARKER, L.H., 1980, The geology of the Scotland District of Barbados Transactions of the Caribbean Geological Conference = Memorias - Conferencia Geologica del Caribe v. 9, Vol. 2, p. 641-656. PRYOR, W.A., 1973, Permeability-Porosity Patterns and Variations in Some Holocene Sand Bodies: AAPG Bulletin, v. 57, p. 162-189. PUDSEY, C.J., 1982, Sedimentology and structure of the Scotland Group, Barbados, in Reading, H.G., ed., Special Publication - Geological Society of London: United Kingdom, Geological Society of London : London, United Kingdom, p. 291. PUNCH, S., 2004, Provenance and Depositional Environment of Eocene Rocks in Trinidad and Barbados: University of Houston, Houston, 153 p. READING, H.G., 1991, The classification of deep-sea depositional systems by sediment caliber and feeder system 10.1144/gsjgs.148.3.0427: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 148, p. 427-430. RENTSCHLER, M.S., 1985, Structurally controlled Neogene sedimentation in the Vallecitos Syncline Geology of the Temblor Formation, western San Joaquin Basin, California v. 44, p. 87-96. RICCI LUCCHI, F., and VALMORI, E., 1980, Basin-wide turbidites in a Miocene, oversupplied deep-sea plain; a geometrical analysis: Sedimentology, v. 27, p. 241-270. 199
RICHARDS, M., BOWMAN, M., and READING, H., 1998, Submarine-fan systems i: characterization and stratigraphic prediction: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 15, p. 689-717. SAUNDERS, J., BERNOULLI, D., MULLER-MERZ, E., OBERHANSLI, H., PERCH-NIELSEN, K., RIEDEL, W.R., SANFILIPPO, A., and TORRINI JR., R., 1984, Stratigraphy of the Late Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene in the Bath Cliff Section, Barbados, West Indies: Micropaleontology, v. 30, p. 390-425. SAUNDERS, J., BERNOULLI, D., and MARTIN-KAYE, P., 1985, Late Eocene deepwater clastics in Grenada , West Indies: Edogae Geol. Helv, v. 78, p. 469- 485. SCHUPPERS, J.D., 1993, Quantification of turbidite facies in a reservoir-analogous submarine-fan channel sand body, south-central Pyrenees, Spain The geological modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs and outcrop analogues v. 15, p. 99-111. SCHWARZ, E., and ARNOTT, R.W.C., 2007, Anatomy and Evolution of a Slope Channel-Complex Set (Neoproterozoic Isaac Formation, Windermere Supergroup, Southern Canadian Cordillera): Implications for Reservoir Characterization: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 77, p. 89-109. SENN, A., 1940, Paleogene of Barbados and its bearing on history and structure of Antillean-Caribbean region, Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists: United States, American Association of Petroleum Geologists : Tulsa, OK, United States, p. 1548. SHIPLEY, T.H., MOORE, G.F., VOLPE, A.M., and ANONYMOUS, 1982, Sediment offscraping along the Middle America Trench American Geophysical Union; 1982 fall meeting v. 63, p. 1112. SPEED, R.C., 1982, Barbados; architecture and implications for accretion, in Larue, D.K., ed., Journal of Geophysical Research: United States, American Geophysical Union : Washington, DC, United States, p. 3633. SPEED, R.C., 1983, Structure of the accretionary complex of Barbados; I, Chalky Mount, Geological Society of America Bulletin: United States, Geological Society of America (GSA) : Boulder, CO, United States, p. 92. SPEED, R., and R. TORRINI JR, E.A., 1989, Tectonic evolution of the Tobago Trough forearc basin: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, p. 2913- 2936. SPEED, R., 1991, Buried accretionary prism drilled on Barbados, JOI/USSAC Newsletter: United States, Joint Oceanographic Institutions Inc. : Washington, DC, United States, p. 1. SPEED, R., and AL, R.R.E., 1991, Evolution of the Southern Caribbean plate boundary, vicinity of Trinidad and Tobago [discussion and reply]: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 75, p. 1789-1796. SPEED, R., 1994, Barbados and the Lesser Antilles Forearc, in Donovan, S.K., and Jackson, T.A., eds., Caribbean Geology An Introduction: Kingston, The University of the West Indies Publishers' Association. 200
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Copyright by Nysha Chaderton 2009
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Sedimentation within the Tobago For
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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List of Tables Table 2.1: Latitudes
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Figure 2.14: Planar parallel lamina
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Figure 2.42: Coarse, cobble and peb
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Figure A.3a: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
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1. Development history of the south
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Formation. This interpretation requ
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DATA AND METHODOLOGY Extensive work
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DESCRIPTIVE METHODOLOGY Each sectio
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Two or more channel complexes stack
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These poorly sorted sands are later
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East Coast Road Although the East C
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succession of interlaminated siltst
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Mount All The beds of the Mount All
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Lobes are non-channelized bodies, 3
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Sandy units are the most resistant
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SUMMARY DEPOSITIONAL SETTING OF THE
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Chapter Three: Petrographic Analysi
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had not been buried deeply or long
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Feldspars Calcium Plagioclase Felds
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Authigenic Minerals Authigenic mine
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amounts of chlorite and kaolinite c
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Sample: WRA 16 This sample was take
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cementation is observed. A number o
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COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORK Punch
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K feldspar preservation to slightly
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CONCLUSIONS 1. No quartz cementatio
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The highest point of the island, is
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STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK ONSHORE TO
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STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE BARBADO
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Sandy material is primarily quartz
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esult of extension caused by flexur
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1994). The origin of the Oceanic Fo
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Oligocene-age sediments are deposit
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The observation of channel geometri
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Pudsey, (1982) interpreted smectite
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The interpretation of the Scotland
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Figure 1.2: Convergent margins arou
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NSF Study Lines Grenada St. Kitts S
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Figure 2.2: Generalized vertical se
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Figure 2.4: Detailed Geological map
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Figure 2.6: Photographs and illustr
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Figure 2.8: Bedsets on the channel
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S 50 m Figure 2.10: Photo-panorama
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Figure 2.13: Laminated silt and mud
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Figure 2.16a: Measured section at C
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Figure 2.16c: Measured section at C
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Figure 2.18: Correlation of section
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Figure 2.21: Parallel laminated sil
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Wach, Vincent and Chaderton March 2
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Figure 2.24: Channel element identi
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WRB S N Fresh rock face exposed by
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Figure 2.28: Photograph of Diplocra
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Figure 2.31: Conglomerate with eros
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Figure 2.33: Thalassinoides trace f
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Figure 2.35: Mount All measured str
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Figure 2.37: Medium grained sand be
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Figure 2.38b: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.38d: Inner Turner’s Hall
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Figure 2.39: Spa Hill measured stra
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Juniper Ridge, California Scotland
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Figure 3.1: Fractured quartz grain
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SGRF 1C SGRF 9C Figure 3.5: Measure
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Figure 3.8: Photo of sample SGRF 11
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Figure 3.10: Photo of sample SGRF 1
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Figure 3.12: Photo of sample WRA 16
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Figure 3.14: Photo of sample WRB 8
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Figure 3.16: Photo of sample ITR 9
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Figure 3.19: Photo of sample CMRA s
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Figure 3. 23: Composition of Scotla
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Figure 4.1: Base map showing seismi
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Figure 4.3: Channels within Unit Fi
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Figure 4.5: Seismic reflection prof
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Figure 4.7 Isochron maps of the old
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Figure 4.9: Illustration of the Spe
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Figure 4.11: Illustration of Hypoth
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Page 165 and 166: 2006 Figure A.2a: Lidar Ridge measu
Page 167 and 168: Figure A.3b: Chalky Mount Ridge mea
Page 169 and 170: 2006 Figure A.4a: Chalky Mount Ridg
Page 171 and 172: 2006 Figure A.4c: Chalky Mount Ridg
Page 173 and 174: 2006 Figure A.6: Chalky Mount Ridge
Page 175 and 176: Figure A.7b: Measured Section of Ch
Page 177 and 178: 2006 Figure A.8a: Sleeping Giant Ri
Page 179 and 180: 2006 Figure A.9: Sleeping Giant Rid
Page 181 and 182: 2006 Figure A.11: Sleeping Giant Ri
Page 183 and 184: Figure A.13a: Sleeping Giant Ridge
Page 185 and 186: 2006 Figure A.14a: Coast Road Below
Page 187 and 188: 2006 Figure A.14c: Coast Road Below
Page 189 and 190: 2006 Figure A.14e: Coast Road Below
Page 191 and 192: 2006 Figure A.14g: Coast Road Below
Page 193 and 194: 2006 Figure A.15: Ermy Bourne Ridge
Page 195 and 196: 2006 Figure A.17: Spa Hill Fold Mea
Page 197 and 198: 2006 Figure A.19: Ermy Bourne Ridge
Page 199 and 200: Figure A.20b: Walkers Ridge Measure
Page 201 and 202: Figure A.21: Walkers Ridge Measured
Page 203 and 204: Figure A.22b: Walkers Ridge Measure
Page 205 and 206: 2007 Figure A.23b: Inner Turner’s
Page 207 and 208: 2007 Figure A.23d: Inner Turner’s
Page 209 and 210: Framework grains Quartz Feldspar Ro
Page 211 and 212: CRIMES, T.P., 1977, Trace fossils o
Page 213: MONTGOMERY, S.L., BARKER, C.E., SEA
Page 217 and 218: WEBER, J.C., DIXON, T.H., DEMETS, C
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