A Grammar of Miya - UCLA Department of Linguistics

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Cross-Referencing, Abbreviations, and Orthographic Conventions Cross-Referencing The grammar contains many cross-references to other relevant sections. A number in boldface followed by a colon refers to a chapter number. A number in regular type following a section mark (§) is the section witbin that chapter. A reference without a preceding boldfaced number refers to a section within the chapter where the reference appears. 11:§1.2 = "Chapter 11 (THE SYNTAX OF SIMPLEX CLAUSES), section 1.2 (Subjects)" § 1.2 = "section 1.2 of tbe current chapter" Abbreviations The following abbreviations are used in interlinear glossing and occasionally in the text: & Co. = the morpheme niy' meaning "and associates, and the others" (lO:§3.2.2) AUX = any of several TAM-marking auxiliaries (S:§§2.1-2) Cf = verbal suffix marking the Counterfactual TAM (S:§2.1.4) CfC = conjunction ba marking counterfactual clauses (14:§2.4) Cnl = conjunction kwda marking temporal sequence clauses (S:§2.2.6, 14:§2.1.1) Ct = Continuative TAM marked by aa-tda (S:§2.2.3.2) dil = auxiliary/subject marker used in several TAM's (S:§2.2.9) DO = direct object FIp = jiy marking tbe Focused Subject Imperfective (S:2.2.4) Foc = jiy marking focused subject in a non-verbal clause (12:§2.3) FPf = d;i or da auxiliaries in Focused Subject Perfective (S:§2.2.2) fs = feminine singular Ft = auxiliary marking the Conditional Future (S:§2.2.5) g(dn) = g-/gdn "concessive" operator (S:§2.2.3.3, 14:§§2.2-3) Hrt = ta auxiliary marking Hortative (S:§2.1.2) ICP = Intransitive Copy Pronoun clitic reflecting subjects of most intr. verbs (S:§4.1) id = ideophone Imp = Imperative (S:§2.1.1) IO = indirect object Ipf = aa auxiliary used witb most Imperfective verb forms (S:§2.2.3) MONOVERB = verb witb only one root consonant (4:§§ 1.2.3.4-5) xxi
xxii Cross-Referencing, Abbreviations, and Orthographic Conventions ms = masculine singular NEG = both members of the paired negative markers md ... uw, td ... uw (S:§§3.1-4) Pf = Perfective (S:§2.1.3) pi = plural pin = pleonastic aa (11:§1.13) plurac = pluractional verb form (7:§3) POLYVERB = verb with two or more root consonants (4:§§1.2.3.1-3) PRM = kdlk}n Previous Reference Markers (9:§2, 1O:§2.1) Prt = "Particle", various particles of uncertain function, esp. biy (S:§2.2.8) PS = postposed subject marker (aa') (11:§ 1.2.1) Q = question marker a affixed to the end of all questions (12: §§ I, 2.1.1) Qt = duwldanduw marker or direct or indirect quotations (13:§6) sg = singular Sjn = d} as auxiliary marking Subjunctive clauses (S:§2.2.1) sp. = "species" in glosses of words where a specific English word is not known TAM = "Tense, Aspect, Mood", i.e. anyone of the verbal parameters in Chapter 5 Top = kd and other markers used to set off topicalized phrases (9:§2.1.2, 12:§5) Tot = either member of the discontinuous Totality construction suw ... -dy (7:§2) Consonants Orthographic Conventions The consonant symbols used to transcribe Miya in this grammar are those that might be used in a practical orthography. Digraphs and symbols not in the Roman alphabet have precedents in the orthographies of one or more Nigerian languages. See the table in 2:§ 1.1 for a complete list of consonants. Note especially the following: tl [I], i.e. voiceless lateral fricative dl = [ll], i.e. voiced lateral fricative c = [1;], i.e. voiceless alveopalatal affricate j = IJ], i.e. voiced alveopalatal affricate sh = Ul, i.e. voiceless alveopalatal fricative zh = [3], i.e. voiced alveopalatal fricative gh = [v], i.e. voiced velar fricative or voiced laryngeal (see 2:§ 1.1.2) = [1], i.e. glottal stop mb, nd, ndz, ng, ngw, nz = prenasalized unit phonemes (other NC are sequences) kw, gw, ngw = labialized unit phonemes Vowels Orthographic vowels, especially the short high vowels, are in a subphonemic transcription meant to give a fair representation of pronunciation while still permitting an understanding of the phonemic structure. There are only two contrastive short vowels, lal and lal (2:§2.1). However, fal in particular has variable pronunciation depending on context (2:§2.2.1). The following conventions apply to vowels: , Cross-Referencing, Abbreviations, and Orthographic Conventions W = long vowel orthographic i, u, a = lal orthographic a = [i], i.e. high, central, unrounded vowel e = palatalized lal (2:§§2.2, 4) rr = mid, back, unrounded vowel < laghaml (2:§ 1.2.2) Tones There are only two tones, H ( , ) and L (' ). A tone mark over a vowel represents the first syllable pronounced at a particular pitch, i.e. any unmarked syllables following a syllable with a tone mark are pronounced on the same pitch. A H (' ) follo.wing a tone marked domain is pronounced as a downstepped H. The followmg examples Illustrate the convention. See 3:§ 1.2 for further discussion. dtlakwam 'spear' [- - - ] t}babaw L __ ] klikimsa [-_ -] 'bark' 'puff adder' derwetli 'leopard' [- --] tyUwlaalin 'cattle egret' [- - -] shindb 'tongue' [- --] tiitsiya mbdaa bvan 'the tendon of the thigh of the buffalo' L __ -- __ ] tdbn mbdaa m;iaa nuwun 'this thigh of my goat' xxiii
Page 1 and 2: A Grammar of Miya Russell G. Schuh
Page 3 and 4: Contents Preface, xvii Cross-refere
Page 5 and 6: x Contents 3.5. Tones of negative m
Page 7 and 8: xiv Contents 1.3.3. Pronominal vs.
Page 12: Chapter 1 THE MIYA PEOPLE AND LANGU
Page 49: 74 A Grammar of Miya a goat'), and
Page 89:
154 A Grammar of Miya PASSAGE 2 ...
Page 101 and 102:
178 A Grammar of Miya Waataw aa Giy
Page 108:
192 A Grammar of Miya Two kin terms
Page 116:
208 ndyaan patg 'all' 'all' A Gramm
Page 126 and 127:
228 A Grammar of Miya (57) Jee faar
Page 132 and 133:
240 A Grammar of Miya (98) a. ill z
Page 140:
i 256 A Grammar of Miya constructio
Page 143:
, i 262 bilkir, (pI) sgba kir b:l t
Page 149:
: i ! i 274 A Grammar of Miya both
Page 170:
316 A Grammar of Miya • raB' zuw
Page 204 and 205:
384 A Grammar af Miya 2.4. Couuterf
Page 217 and 218:
... References Abraham, R. C. 1959.
Page 219:
414 References n.d.a "Bade verbal s
show all

A Grammar of Miya - UCLA Department of Linguistics

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?