October 2007 Volume 10 Number 4 - Educational Technology ...

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Educational Technology & Society An International Journal Aims and Scope Educational Technology & Society is a quarterly journal published in January, April, July and October. Educational Technology & Society seeks academic articles on the issues affecting the developers of educational systems and educators who implement and manage such systems. The articles should discuss the perspectives of both communities and their relation to each other: • Educators aim to use technology to enhance individual learning as well as to achieve widespread education and expect the technology to blend with their individual approach to instruction. However, most educators are not fully aware of the benefits that may be obtained by proactively harnessing the available technologies and how they might be able to influence further developments through systematic feedback and suggestions. • Educational system developers and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers are sometimes unaware of the needs and requirements of typical teachers, with a possible exception of those in the computer science domain. In transferring the notion of a 'user' from the human-computer interaction studies and assigning it to the 'student', the educator's role as the 'implementer/ manager/ user' of the technology has been forgotten. The aim of the journal is to help them better understand each other's role in the overall process of education and how they may support each other. The articles should be original, unpublished, and not in consideration for publication elsewhere at the time of submission to Educational Technology & Society and three months thereafter. The scope of the journal is broad. Following list of topics is considered to be within the scope of the journal: Architectures for Educational Technology Systems, Computer-Mediated Communication, Cooperative/ Collaborative Learning and Environments, Cultural Issues in Educational System development, Didactic/ Pedagogical Issues and Teaching/Learning Strategies, Distance Education/Learning, Distance Learning Systems, Distributed Learning Environments, Educational Multimedia, Evaluation, Human-Computer Interface (HCI) Issues, Hypermedia Systems/ Applications, Intelligent Learning/ Tutoring Environments, Interactive Learning Environments, Learning by Doing, Methodologies for Development of Educational Technology Systems, Multimedia Systems/ Applications, Network-Based Learning Environments, Online Education, Simulations for Learning, Web Based Instruction/ Training Editors Kinshuk, Athabasca University, Canada; Demetrios G Sampson, University of Piraeus & ITI-CERTH, Greece; Ashok Patel, CAL Research & Software Engineering Centre, UK; Reinhard Oppermann, Fraunhofer Institut Angewandte Informationstechnik, Germany. Editorial Assistant Barbara Adamski, Athabasca University. Associate editors Nian-Shing Chen, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan; Alexandra I. Cristea, Technical University Eindhoven, The Netherlands; John Eklund, Access Australia Co-operative Multimedia Centre, Australia; Vladimir A Fomichov, K. E. Tsiolkovsky Russian State Tech Univ, Russia; Olga S Fomichova, Studio "Culture, Ecology, and Foreign Languages", Russia; Piet Kommers, University of Twente, The Netherlands; Chul-Hwan Lee, Inchon National University of Education, Korea; Brent Muirhead, University of Phoenix Online, USA; Erkki Sutinen, University of Joensuu, Finland; Vladimir Uskov, Bradley University, USA. Advisory board Ignacio Aedo, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Luis Anido-Rifon, University of Vigo, Spain; Alfred Bork, University of California, Irvine, USA; Rosa Maria Bottino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy; Mark Bullen, University of British Columbia, Canada; Tak-Wai Chan, National Central University, Taiwan; Darina Dicheva, Winston-Salem State University, USA; Brian Garner, Deakin University, Australia; Roger Hartley, Leeds University, UK; Harald Haugen, Høgskolen Stord/Haugesund, Norway; J R Isaac, National Institute of Information Technology, India; Mohamed Jemni, University of Tunis, Tunisia; Paul Kirschner, Open University of the Netherlands, The Netherlands; William Klemm, Texas A&M University, USA; Rob Koper, Open University of the Netherlands, The Netherlands; Ruddy Lelouche, Universite Laval, Canada; David McConnell, Lancaster University, UK; Rory McGreal, Athabasca University, Canada; David Merrill, Brigham Young University - Hawaii, USA; Marcelo Milrad, Växjö University, Sweden; Riichiro Mizoguchi, Osaka University, Japan; Hiroaki Ogata, Tokushima University, Japan; Toshio Okamoto, The University of Electro- Communications, Japan; Thomas C. Reeves, The University of Georgia, USA; Gilly Salmon, University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Norbert M. Seel, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany; Timothy K. Shih, Tamkang University, Taiwan; Yoshiaki Shindo, Nippon Institute of Technology, Japan; Brian K. Smith, Pennsylvania State University, USA; J. Michael Spector, Florida State University, USA; Chin-Chung Tsai, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Stephen J.H. Yang, National Central University, Taiwan. Assistant Editors Sheng-Wen Hsieh, Far East University, Taiwan; Taiyu Lin, Massey University, New Zealand; Kathleen Luchini, University of Michigan, USA; Dorota Mularczyk, Independent Researcher & Web Designer; Carmen Padrón Nápoles, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Ali Fawaz Shareef, Massey University, New Zealand; Jarkko Suhonen, University of Joensuu, Finland. Executive peer-reviewers http://www.ifets.info/ Subscription Prices and Ordering Information For subscription information, please contact the editors at kinshuk@ieee.org. Advertisements Educational Technology & Society accepts advertisement of products and services of direct interest and usefulness to the readers of the journal, those involved in education and educational technology. Contact the editors at kinshuk@ieee.org. ISSN 1436-4522 (online) and 1176-3647 (print). © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS). The authors and the forum jointly retain the copyright of the articles. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others ISSN than 1436-4522. IFETS must © International be honoured. Forum Abstracting of Educational with credit Technology is permitted. & To Society copy otherwise, (IFETS). The to republish, authors and to post the on forum servers, jointly or to retain redistribute the copyright to lists, of requires the articles. prior specific Permission permission to make and/or digital a fee. or hard Request copies permissions of part or all from of this the editors work for at personal kinshuk@ieee.org. or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than IFETS must be honoured. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from the editors at kinshuk@massey.ac.nz. i
Abstracting and Indexing Educational Technology & Society is abstracted/indexed in Social Science Citation Index, Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences, ISI Alerting Services, Social Scisearch, ACM Guide to Computing Literature, Australian DEST Register of Refereed Journals, Computing Reviews, DBLP, Educational Administration Abstracts, Educational Research Abstracts, Educational Technology Abstracts, Elsevier Bibliographic Databases, ERIC, Inspec, Technical Education & Training Abstracts, and VOCED. Guidelines for authors Submissions are invited in the following categories: • Peer reviewed publications: Full length articles (4000 - 7000 words) • Book reviews • Software reviews • Website reviews All peer review publications will be refereed in double-blind review process by at least two international reviewers with expertise in the relevant subject area. Book, Software and Website Reviews will not be reviewed, but the editors reserve the right to refuse or edit review. For detailed information on how to format your submissions, please see: http://www.ifets.info/guide.php Submission procedure Authors, submitting articles for a particular special issue, should send their submissions directly to the appropriate Guest Editor. Guest Editors will advise the authors regarding submission procedure for the final version. All submissions should be in electronic form. The editors will acknowledge the receipt of submission as soon as possible. The preferred formats for submission are Word document and RTF, but editors will try their best for other formats too. For figures, GIF and JPEG (JPG) are the preferred formats. Authors must supply separate figures in one of these formats besides embedding in text. Please provide following details with each submission: Author(s) full name(s) including title(s), Name of corresponding author, Job title(s), Organisation(s), Full contact details of ALL authors including email address, postal address, telephone and fax numbers. The submissions should be uploaded at http://www.ifets.info/ets_journal/upload.php. In case of difficulties, they can also be sent via email to (Subject: Submission for Educational Technology & Society journal): kinshuk@ieee.org. In the email, please state clearly that the manuscript is original material that has not been published, and is not being considered for publication elsewhere. ISSN 1436-4522 (online) and 1176-3647 (print). © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS). The authors and the forum jointly retain the copyright of the articles. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others ISSN than 1436-4522. IFETS must © International be honoured. Forum Abstracting of Educational with credit Technology is permitted. & To Society copy otherwise, (IFETS). The to republish, authors and to post the on forum servers, jointly or to retain redistribute the copyright to lists, of requires the articles. prior specific Permission permission to make and/or digital a fee. or hard Request copies permissions of part or all from of this the editors work for at personal kinshuk@ieee.org. or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than IFETS must be honoured. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from the editors at kinshuk@massey.ac.nz. ii
Page 1: October 2007 Volume 10 Number 4
Page 5 and 6: The Relationship of Kolb Learning S
Page 7 and 8: a question about learning together
Page 9 and 10: affordances of networked learning s
Page 11 and 12: included a unit on collaborative le
Page 13 and 14: on at different times and work indi
Page 15 and 16: • the numerous evaluation studies
Page 17 and 18: wanted to work. The same inquiry pr
Page 19 and 20: usability studies have a place in t
Page 21 and 22: Milrad, M., & Jackskon, M. (2007).
Page 23 and 24: information- and communication tech
Page 25 and 26: Interactive Examination, the studen
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. Criteria for grading OD st
Page 29 and 30: content. Differences in the attitud
Page 31 and 32: Even though further research on the
Page 33 and 34: Olofsson, A. D. (2007). Participati
Page 35 and 36: Etzioni (1993) points out that an i
Page 37 and 38: programme. They are rather construc
Page 39 and 40: to be that each individual trainee
Page 41 and 42: Bernmark-Ottosson, A. (2005). Demok
Page 43 and 44: The Knowledge Foundation (2005). IT
Page 45 and 46: Figure 1. Design Theories in contex
Page 47 and 48: attention as we frequently discuss
Page 49 and 50: Blog Reflection This design concept
Page 51 and 52: Narrative Structure (Form) Content
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Löwgren, J., & Stolterman, E. (200
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critique, neither do the single ind
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suggested by Ljungberg (1999b) we c
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the del.icio.us site (see figure 3)
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Device cultures It is not only the
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uilt using a camera-equipped PDA ru
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Jones, C., Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L.,
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Milrad, M., & Spikol, D. (2007). An
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components to be able to deal with
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compulsory throughout the project.
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only with their existing day-today
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As our work continues, we will try
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cognition as well as self-regulated
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Mobile mind map tool for stimulatin
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the pictorial knowledge representat
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Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (19
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Al-A'ali, M. (2007). Implementation
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complex cognitive skills involve em
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Table 1. CAT and a linear mathemati
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It is agreed that the difficulty le
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Figure 7. Our newly added factors i
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question factors according to IRT;
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Instructure 1 Login User-ID Passwor
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Shute, V., & Towle, B. (2003). Adap
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distinguish between partial knowled
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esponse is identified, then the sco
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are stored in the answer record and
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2 (7) MNSQ = ∑WniZ ni ∑ Wni =
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in the course. A randomized block d
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To test whether ET can effectively
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course, more comparison tests could
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Fleischmann, K. R. (2007). Standard
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educational standards in practice t
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laboratory activities, which are bu
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process is currently a largely top-
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Hsu, Y.-S., Wu, H.-K., & Hwang, F.-
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evolution with computing technology
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Resources 0.55 0.72 e17 In my schoo
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teachers’ instructional evolution
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Regression models indicating relati
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of beliefs about integrating comput
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Sinko, M., & Lehtinen, E. (1999). T
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concept of social support. Lastly,
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Procedure Content analysis procedur
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and mice are out of order. I have t
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feature of supportive online groups
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Anderson, J., & Lee, A. (1995). Lit
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Schwab, R. L., Jackson, S. E., & Sc
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Investigating the problem An extens
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meets the anywhere, anytime require
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minimise housekeeping tasks and fre
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3. Join Group Discussion 4. Attend
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Figure 4. Learning Shell showing He
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engineering the Learning Shell so i
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Olfos, R., & Zulantay, H. (2007). R
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portion of CourseInfo requires that
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Table 2. Assignment evaluation resp
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E-3c. Likert scale on usability: Th
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organized in four groups, namely: T
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The correlations were not high enou
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Data illustrate some reliability an
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nature, some specific core objectiv
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Frederiksen, J.R., & Collins, A. (1
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Bottino, R. M., & Robotti, E. (2007
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The Text Editor allows the editing
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Mathematical content and structure
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Consolidation exercises Solution co
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As to course components, the activi
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handle more formal representations
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Lagrange, J. B., Artigue, M., Labor
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processed information was classifie
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Method Participants The participant
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Table 5. Learning outcomes of diffe
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peers and benefited most from discu
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Kayes, D.C. (2005). Internal validi
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This paper considers the potential
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The first assumption ensures that c
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allowed to rise when external fundi
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The second option, lowering the cos
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Downes, S. (2003). Design and Reusa
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Appendix A. Good-enough approaches
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Rapid Prototyping and Design Based
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Initial Design Because the field-ba
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• reducing the number of required
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that they felt this hindrance; I fe
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goals” (Edelson, 2002, p. 114) wa
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more and more from the periphery of
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Edelson, M. (1988). The hermeneutic
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Wang, H.-Y., & Chen, S. M. (2007).
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If the universe of discourse U is a
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we can see that S( X ) − S( Y ) S
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Example 1: Let Ã and B ~ be two va
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columns shown in Table 2, where 1
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(3) Find the maximum value among th
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By applying Eq. (7), we can get the
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Q.2 carries 25 marks, Q.3 carries 2
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the proposed methods can evaluate s
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Gogoulou, A., Gouli, E., Grigoriado
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enabling learner (subject) to work
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• Self-, Peer- and Collaborative-
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(iii) Regulates the communication:
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Figure 3. A screen shot of the SCAL
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2 nd study: Thirty-five students pa
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them characterized it as time and e
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Soller, A. (2001). Supporting Socia
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making reference to the others wher
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Solution 2.2: Deliberately select h
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just near a deadline, when it may b
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assessed on an individual basis. Wi
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- and even appreciated - by student
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Panitz, T., & Panitz, P. (1998). En
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Concept Mapping Concept mapping by
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Research Questions In order to dete
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with their teacher but rather than
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Tukey’s HSD post hoc test reveale
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collaboratively during study time?
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Jegede, O.J., Alaiyemola, F.F., & O
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esources. The use of synchronous te
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The use of digital communication mo
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contributed more information and en
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3. Use the second screen for the le
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• Use drawing to develop writing
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student and teacher on the synchron
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Vogel, J. J., Vogel, D. S., Cannon-
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Cases The first set of ten case stu
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Kılıçkaya, F. (2007). Website re
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